中國度量衡檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
中國度量衡是傳統對計量長度、容量、重量的統稱。度代表長度,量代表容量[1],衡則代表重量(權衡)。現代對度量衡的廣泛定義為任何表示物理量(如溫度、時間)的度量(又稱為計量)。
歷代度量衡制演變簡表
度
時代 | 單位換算 | 公制換算(公分cm) |
---|---|---|
商 | 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1尺 = 16.95, 1寸 =1.58 |
周 | 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1尺 =19.1,1寸 = 1.58。楚國一尺 =22.7 |
戰國 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 =2.31, 1分 = 0.231;1銅尺 =23 |
秦 | 1引 = 10丈, 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1引 = 2310, 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 = 2.31, 1分 = 0.231 |
漢 | 1引 = 10丈, 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1引 = 2310, 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 = 2.31, 1分 = 0.231;一牙尺 = 23.3,王莽一貨幣尺 = 23.1;後漢一銅尺 = 23.6 |
三國 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 242, 1尺 = 24.2, 1寸 = 2.42, 1分 = 0.242; |
西晉 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 242, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.42, 1分 = 0.242 |
東晉及十六國 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 245, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.45, 1分 = 0.245 十六國前後趙一尺 =24.3,南齊一骨尺 =24.7,南梁一銅尺 =24.95 |
南北朝 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 南朝:1丈 = 245, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.45, 1分 = 0.245 北朝:1丈 = 296, 1尺 = 29.6, 1寸 = 2.96, 1分 = 0.296 一中尺 =27.9,王尺=26.7,後尺=34.75;西魏周王室用王尺,東魏北齊王室用後尺民間一尺=24.95 |
隋 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 296, 1尺 = 29.6, 1寸 = 2.96, 1分 = 0.296;一水尺 = 27.4. |
唐 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 小尺:1丈 = 300, 1尺 = 30, 1寸 = 3, 1分 = 0.3 大尺:1丈 = 360, 1尺 = 36, 1寸 = 3.6, 1分 = 0.36 宗廟星曆用尺一尺 = 24.75 |
五代十國及遼金 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 300, 1尺 = 30, 1寸 = 3, 1分 = 0.3 |
宋元 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 1丈 = 312, 1尺 = 31.2, 1寸 = 3.12, 1分 = 0.312 |
明 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 裁衣尺:1尺 = 34, 1寸 = 3.4 量地尺:1尺 = 32.7, 1寸 = 3.27 營造尺:1尺 = 32, 1寸 = 3.2 |
清 | 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 | 裁衣尺:1丈 = 355, 1尺 = 35.5, 1寸 = 3.55 量地尺:1丈 = 345, 1尺 = 34.5, 1寸 = 3.45 營造尺:1丈 = 320, 1尺 = 32, 1寸 = 3.2 |
- 營造尺庫平制:1里 = 18引 = 180丈 = 360步 = 1800尺 = 1,8000寸 = 18,0000分 = 180,0000厘 = 1800,0000毫 = 576米
- 市制:1里 = 15引 = 150丈 = 1500尺 = 1,5000寸 = 15,0000分 = 150,0000厘 = 1500,0000毫 = 500米 → 請參考中國市制
量
時代 | 單位換算 | 公制換算(毫升mL) |
---|---|---|
戰國 | 齊:1鍾 = 10釜, 1釜 = 4區, 1區 = 4豆, 1豆 = 4升 楚:1筲 = 5升 秦:1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 三晉(韓、趙、魏):1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 |
|
秦 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 | 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200;商鞅變法1方升= 201 |
漢 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合, 1合 = 2龠, 1龠 = 5撮, 1撮 = 4圭 | 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20, 1龠 = 10, 1撮 = 2, 1圭 = 0.5 |
三國和兩晉 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1斛 = 20450, 1斗 = 2045, 1升 = 204.5, 1合 = 20.45 |
南北朝 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1斛 = 30000, 1斗 = 3000, 1升 = 300, 1合 = 30 |
隋 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 開皇:1斛 = 60000, 1斗 = 6000, 1升 = 600, 1合 = 60 大業:1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20 |
唐 | 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 大:1斛 = 60000, 1斗 = 6000, 1升 = 600, 1合 = 60 小:1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20 |
宋 | 1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1石 = 67000,1斛 = 33500, 1斗 = 6700, 1升 = 670,1合 = 67 |
元 | 1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1石 = 95000,1斛 = 47500, 1斗 = 9500, 1升 = 950,1合 = 95 |
明清 | 1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 | 1石 = 100000,1斛 = 50000, 1斗 = 10000, 1升 = 1000,1合 = 100 |
- 營造尺庫平制:1石 = 2斛 = 10斗 = 100升 = 1000合 = 1,0000勺 = 3160立方寸 = 103.54688公升
- 市制:1市石(ㄉㄢˋ) = 10市斗 = 100市升 = 1000市合(ㄍㄜˇ) = 1,0000勺 = 10,0000撮 = 100公升 → 請參考中國市制[3]
衡
時代 | 單位換算 | 公制換算(公克g) |
---|---|---|
戰國 | 楚:1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 趙:1石 = 120斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 魏:1鎰 = 10釿,1釿 = 20兩 秦:1石 = 4鈞,1鈞 = 30斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 |
1斤 = 250,1兩 = 15.6,1銖 = 0.65 1石 = 30000,1斤 = 250,1兩 = 15.6,1銖 = 0.65 1鎰 = 315,1釿 = 31.5 1石 = 30360,1鈞 = 7590,1斤 = 253,1兩 = 15.8,1銖 = 0.66 |
秦 | 1石 = 4鈞,1鈞 = 30斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 | 1石 = 30360,1鈞 = 7590,1斤 = 253,1兩 = 15.8,1銖 = 0.66 |
漢 | 1石 = 4鈞,1鈞 = 30斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 | 西漢:1石 = 29760,1鈞 = 7440,1斤 = 248,1兩 = 15.5,1銖 = 0.65 東漢:1石 = 26400,1鈞 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1兩 = 13.8,1銖 = 0.57 |
三國 | 1石 = 4鈞,1鈞 = 30斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 | 1石 = 26400,1鈞 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1兩 = 13.8,1銖 = 0.57 |
兩晉 | 1石 = 4鈞,1鈞 = 30斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 | 1石 = 26400,1鈞 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1兩 = 13.8,1銖 = 0.57 |
南北朝 | 1石 = 4鈞,1鈞 = 30斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 | 南齊:1斤 = 330,梁、陳:1斤 = 220; 北魏、北齊:1斤 = 440,北周:1斤 = 660 |
隋 | 1石 = 4鈞,1鈞 = 30斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 24銖 | 大:1石 = 79320,1鈞 = 19830,1斤 = 661,1兩 = 41.3 小:1石 = 26400,1鈞 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1兩 = 13.8 |
唐 | 1石 = 4鈞,1鈞 = 30斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 10錢,1錢 = 10分 | 1石 = 79320,1斤 = 661,1兩 = 41.3,1錢 = 4.13,1分 = 0.41 |
宋元 | 1石 = 120斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 10錢,1錢 = 10分 | 1石 = 75960,1斤 = 633,1兩 = 40,1錢 = 4,1分 = 0.4 |
明清 | 1石 = 120斤,1斤 = 16兩,1兩 = 10錢,1錢 = 10分 | 1石 = 70800,1斤 = 590,1兩 = 36.9,1錢 = 3.69,1分 = 0.37 |
- 營造尺庫平制:1斤 = 16兩 = 160錢 = 1600分 = 1,6000厘 = 16,0000毫 = 596.816克
- 市制:1斤 = 16兩 = 160錢 = 1600分 = 1,6000厘 = 16,0000毫 = 160,0000絲 = 500克 → 更詳細的請參考中國市制
面積
- 營造尺庫平制:1頃 = 100畝 = 1000分 = 1,0000厘 = 10,0000毫 = 60,0000方尺 = 6,1440平方米
- 市制:1頃 = 100畝 = 1000分 = 1,0000厘 = 10,0000毫 = 60,0000平方尺 = 66666⅔ 平方米
現況
港澳
在香港和澳門,由於長時期為英國及葡萄牙屬地,並沒有受市制改革影響;雖然政府曾大力推廣十進制,但民間仍然沿用司馬斤(和英制、公制同時使用)[5];「1擔=100斤、1斤(和清朝官府庫平制不太一樣,司馬斤相等於604.79克,庫平制1斤相等於596.82克)=16兩、1兩(37.7994克)=10錢、1錢=10分」等換算仍廣泛用於糧食及中藥材買賣至今。貴金屬買賣使用金衡兩,即37.429克。
視頻
中國度量衡 相關視頻
參考文獻
- ↑ 什麼是度量衡:用於計量長短容積輕重的統稱,趣歷史
- ↑ 中國歷代度量衡制演變簡表 ,新浪博客 2013-12-6
- ↑ 中國歷代度量衡制演變簡表,搜狐博客2009-11-23
- ↑ 中國歷代衡制演變簡表,道客巴巴
- ↑ 東亞各國市制單位,道客巴巴