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班公错查看源代码讨论查看历史

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班公错拉达克语:Pangong Tso),藏语哥木克哥那喇令错,或错木昂拉仁波(藏语:མཚོ་མོ་ངང་ལྷ་རིང་པོ།,威利:mtsho mo ngang lha ring po,THL:Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo)。

名称由来

班公错来自印度的拉达克语,意思是“高草原湖”[1]。错木昂拉仁波是藏语,各资料有相异但类似的解释--明媚而狭长的湖[2]、长脖天鹅湖[3]、长颈仙鹤湖[4]。 历史上,该湖被视为五个由河道链接的小湖泊,班公错这个名字只指最西边一半在印度的其五之一。 从西向东这些湖泊的名称分别为:[5][6][7]Pangong Tso(班公错)、Tso NyakRum Tso双湖(胡惟德译:杂尔木湖[7])、Nyak Tso(胡惟德译:诺和湖[7])。整个湖群被藏语称为错木昂拉仁波

自然地理

班公错是青藏高原西部的一座湖泊,位于西藏克什米尔边境,中国印度对该湖归属有争议,现中国控制该湖东部约三分之二,印度控制西部约三分之一。 班公错属构造性湖泊,东西狭长,约延伸143公里,南北最宽处5公里,总面积604平方公里。该湖湖面平均海拔4241米,属内流湖,流域面积28714平方公里。由三个狭长形小湖组成,其间有沟通水道。湖最深处约57米。湖水清澈,透明度3至4米。每年结冰期6个月。该湖东部水质为淡水,中西部为咸水

自然生态

时刻展现的奇景幻境
原图链结 图片来自linnietraveler.com

班公错又称彭公湖,该湖泊位在狮泉河多玛的途中,藏语称哥木克哥那喇令错,意为“明媚而狭长的湖”。 湖中的鸟岛有成千上万的鸥鸟在此栖息,鸥鸟雁鸭欢舞飞翔、遮天蔽日成为阿里高原的一大奇观,湖畔的牧人传说湖中还有神龙、湖怪出没,更增添了班公湖的神秘色彩。 湖中盛产特有的西藏裂腹鱼和各种禽鸟,有鸟岛数个,鸟蛋甚多。湖区植物种类近300种。岸边红柳簇拥,风景优美。

参考文献

  1. Pangong Lake. 拉达克政府. 2019-10-29 [9 January 2020]. Pangong Lake, one of the most famous lakes in Leh Ladakh, derives its name from the Tibetan word, “Pangong Tso”, which means “high grassland lake”. 
  2. 黄子燕. 中外旅游休闲自然地理. 崧烨文化事业有限公司. 1 May 2018: 136. ISBN 978-957-563-112-3. 位于中国和喀什米尔边境的班公错,藏语意为“明媚而狭长的湖” 
  3. 行走的尼尔. 西藏有处奇特圣湖,一面属中国干净碧绿,一面属印度连鱼也不生长. 新浪网. 2019年10月05日 [19 January 2020]. 藏语的名字是“措木昂拉仁波错”,它的意思是“长脖子天鹅” 
  4. 安才旦. 西藏旅游. 五洲传播出版社. 2002: 24. ISBN 978-7-80113-915-3. 藏语称其为“措木昂拉仁波错” ,意为“长颈仙鹤湖”。 
  5. 斯文·赫定. Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia 1899-1902: Central and West Tibet. Lithographic institute of the General staff of the Swedish army. 1907: 521. From Noh to Bal Rawling followed the same route that I did along the northern shore of the Tso-ngombo, which he calls the Tso Mo Gualari, dividing it into the sections ›Tso Nyak, the twin lakes Rum Tso and Nyak Tso.› He says that it consists of a string of five lakes 120 m. in length, the four most southern of which are fresh, and Pangong, the most northerly, salt. They are joined together by channels about 60 feet in width and 15 feet deep, the current running at nearly 1½ mile an hour. 
  6. Routes in Asia: Routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jummoo and Kashmir, and adjacent countries. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 1878: 31–33. Only the lower lake (the Pangong Tso proper) lies in Ladak, the middle (Tso Nyak) and upper lakes being in Rudok territory. ... The waters of the western end are much more salt than those of the eastern end near Ot. in the stream connecting the Pangong Tso with Nyak Tso the water becomes drinkable, and rich grass is found on the banks. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 胡惟德. 西藏全图. 国会图书馆 (美国). 1904 [2020-01-19].