中日老鸛草檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 中日老鸛草 |
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中文學名:中日老鸛草 拉丁學名:Geranium nepalense Sweet var. thunbergii (S. et Z.) Kudo 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:雙子葉植物綱 Dicotyledoneae 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 Archichlamydeae 目:牻牛兒苗目 Geraniales 科:牻牛兒苗科 Geraniaceae 屬:老鸛草屬 Geranium 種:尼泊爾老鸛草 Geranium nepalense 組:鼠掌組 Sect. Sibirica |
中日老鸛草（學名：Geranium nepalense var. thunbergii）為牻牛兒苗科老鸛草屬下尼泊爾老鸛草的一個變種。 [1]
中日老鸛草簡介
中日老鸛草見於《救荒本草》，生田野就地拖秧而生，莖蔓細弱，其莖紅紫色，葉似芫荽葉，瘦細而細疏，開五瓣小紫花，結青蓇葖兒，上有一嘴，甚尖銳為細錐子狀，其角極似鳥嘴，因以名焉」。
《本草綱目拾遺》載有老鸛草，謂"入藥用莖嘴"，又轉引龍柏《藥性考補遺》；謂「出山東」。
又《滇南本草》載有五葉草、老官草系老鸛草屬(Geranium)植物。綜上所述與目前商品所用的兩類老鸛草基本一致。
中日老鸛草形態特徵
中日老鸛草與原變種的主要區別為花瓣長為萼片的1.5倍；葉裂片倒卵形。 [2]
var. thunbergii (Sieb. et Zucc.) Kudo, Medic. Pl. Hokkaido, pl. 55. 1922; Ohwi, Fl. Japan. 104. 1956; Fl. Taiwan. 430. 1977. ——Geranium thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Munch. 4 (2): 136. 1845.
Geranium nepalense Sweet var. thunbergii (Siebold ex Lindley & Paxton) Kudô.
Perennials. Rootstock vertical, 2-10 mm in diam., not tuberculate, without thickened roots. Stem 20-70 cm tall, trailing or ascending, sometimes rooting at nodes, with 0.3-1.4 mm patent or retrorse appressed nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.8-1.3 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate to subulate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.3-1.2 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.5-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 2.4-6.4 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.73-0.91, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments 5, rhombic, 4-12 mm wide at base, 5-8-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.11-0.21. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 2.2-13.9 cm. Pedicel 0.8-3.3 cm, with 0.2-1 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and usually 0.6-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 5.1-8.1 mm, mucro 0.8-1.9 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.12-0.25, outside with 0.1-0.9 mm patent to antrorse nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals white or purplish, (6.8-)7.3-8.3(-9) mm, erect to patent, outside glabrous, inside basally with trichomes, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded or retuse. Staminal filaments whitish, lanceolate with an abruptly narrowed apex, abaxially pilose and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.1-0.7 mm; anthers bluish, 0.8-1.1 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma pink. Fruit 1.9-2.7 cm, erect when immature; mericarps smooth, with a basal callus, with 0.2-0.7 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.6-1.5 mm glandular trichomes; rostrum 1.3-2 cm, with a 0.5-1.8 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 1.6-2.3 mm. Seeds 1.7-2.2 mm. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 28.
Roadsides, meadows, weedy areas; near sea level to 2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia].
This species has sometimes been submerged in Geranium nepalense. However, it is well characterized by the presence of glandular trichomes (sometimes restricted to sepals) and by longer petals, sepals, and fruit. Additionally, leaves of G. thunbergii have few lobes, and its mericarps are darker. Distribution of G. thunbergii seems to be more eastern than those of G. nepalense, being alone in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea.
尼泊爾老鸛草（原變種）
中日老鸛草產地生境
分布於湖南、浙江、福建和台灣。生于山地林緣、灌叢和雜草山坡。日本也有分布。
中日老鸛草本種提示
本變種為原變種在中國一日本植物區系的地理宗。但南亞熱帶山地的種群屬於哪一個地理宗尚待進一步研究。