狹葉崖爬藤檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
狹葉崖爬藤 |
中文學名:狹葉崖爬藤 拉丁學名:TTetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:鼠李目 科:葡萄科 屬:崖藤屬 亞 屬:崖爬藤亞屬 種:狹葉崖爬藤 命名者及年代:(Roxb.) Planch,(1820)1887 |
狹葉崖爬藤(xiá yè yá pá téng,學名:Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch)為多年生攀援藤本。 生于山坡溝邊或灌木叢中。分布雲南、四川等地。 [1]
狹葉崖爬藤形態特徵
草質藤本。 小枝纖細,圓柱形,有縱棱紋,無毛。卷鬚 不分枝,相隔2節間斷與葉對生。
葉為鳥足狀5小葉,小葉卵披針形或倒卵披針形,長1.5-9厘米,寬0.5-3厘米,頂端尾尖、漸尖或急尖,基部圓形或闊楔形,側小葉基部不對稱,邊緣常呈波狀,邊緣每側有5-8個細鋸齒,齒長約1毫米,常着生波形凹處,上面綠色,下面淺綠色,兩面無毛;
側脈4-8對,網脈兩面明顯突出;葉柄長1-5.5厘米,中央小葉柄長0.5-1.3厘米,側生小葉總柄長0.2-1厘米,側小葉柄短或近無柄,無毛。
花序腋生,長1-8厘米,比葉柄短、近等長或較葉柄長,下部有節和苞片,或在側枝上與葉對生,下部無節和苞片,二級分枝4-5,集生成傘形;花序梗長1-5厘米,無毛;花梗長2-4毫米,無毛或幾無毛;
花蕾卵橢圓形,高2-4毫米;萼細小,齒不明顯,無毛;花瓣4,卵橢圓形,頂端有小角,外展,無毛;雄蕊4,花絲絲狀,花葯黃色,卵圓形,長寬近相等,在雌花內雄蕊顯著短而敗育;
花盤在雄花中明顯,4淺裂,在雌花中呈環狀;子房下部與花盤合生,花柱短,柱頭呈盤形擴大,邊緣不規則分裂。
果實圓球形,紫黑色,直徑0.81.2厘米,有種子2顆;種子倒卵橢圓形,頂端近圓形,基部漸狹成短喙,種臍在種子背面下部向上呈狹帶形,下端略呈龜頭狀,腹部中棱脊突出,兩側窪穴呈溝狀,從基部向上斜展達種子頂端,兩側邊緣有橫肋。
花期3-6月,果期7-10月。 [2]
分類
Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 432. 1887 p. p. ; Franch. Fl. Delay. 139. 1890; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 322. 1911; 西藏植物志3: 231.圖版96: 1-2. 1986.——Cissus serrulata Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 432. 1820.——T. hypoglaucum auct. non Planch. ex Franch. (1886): 中國高等植物圖鑑2: 786.圖3301. 1972; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 96. 1979 in clavi et in Guihaia 8 (2): 117. 1988; 中國高等植物圖鑑補編2: 364. 1972 in clavi; 雲南種子植物名錄上冊799. 1984; 西藏植物志3: 231.圖96: 3-4. 1986.
英文介紹
Lianas, slender. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges; tendrils biforked or sometimes unbranched. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate; petiole 1-5.5 cm; central petiolule 0.5-1.3 cm, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 2-10 mm, lateral petiolules short or lateral leaflets sessile; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-9 × 0.5-3 cm, lateral veins 4-8 pairs, veinlets conspicuously raised, base rounded or cuneate, base of lateral leaflets asymmetric, margin undulate with 5-8 fine teeth on each side, apex caudate, acuminate, or acute. Inflorescence umbelliform, axillary, 1-8 cm, with nodes and bracts; peduncle 1-5 cm. Pedicel 2-4 mm. Buds ovoid-elliptic, 2-4 mm. Calyx minute; teeth inconspicuous. Petals ovate-elliptic, apex corniculate, glabrous or nearly so. Filaments filiform; anthers yellow, oval. Disk developed and 4-divided in male flowers, annular in female flowers. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style short; stigma expanded and irregularly divided. Berry purple-black at maturity, spheroid, 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., 2-seeded. Seeds obovoid-elliptic, base attenuate to a short rostrum, apex subrounded. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Jul-Nov.
Forests in valleys, shrublands on hillsides, rocky gaps; 500-2900 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].
1 Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles glabrous. 41a var. serrulatum 狹葉崖爬藤(原變種)
+ Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles pubescent. 41b var. puberulum 毛狹葉崖爬藤
狹葉崖爬藤生長環境
生山谷林中、山坡灌叢岩石縫中,海拔500-2900米。
狹葉崖爬藤分布範圍
產湖南、廣東、廣西、四川、貴州、雲南。模式標本采自雲南賓川。 [3]