垂穗飄拂草檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
垂穗飄拂草 |
中文名:垂穗飄拂草 二名法:Fimbristylis nutans (Retz.) Vahl 界:植物界 門:被子植物門(Magnoliophyta) 綱:單子葉植物綱 (Monocotyledoneae) 亞 綱:鴨跖草亞綱(Commelinidae) 科:莎草科(Cyperaceae) 亞 科:藨草亞科 族:藨草族(Scirpeae) 屬:飄拂草屬(Fimbristylis) 種:垂穗飄拂草 |
垂穗飄拂草(chuí suì piāo fú cǎo),學名 Fimbristylis nutans (Retz.) Vahl,異名:Scirpus nutans ,根狀莖極短或無。稈密叢生,堅挺,高15-85厘米,近於圓柱狀,具縱槽,無毛,平滑,基部具葉鞘。產於廣東、海南島、台灣;生長於潮濕處。分布於越南、緬甸、錫蘭、印度、加里曼丹島、澳洲。 [1]
垂穗飄拂草形態特徵
根狀莖極短或無。稈密叢生,堅挺,高15-85厘米,近於圓柱狀,具縱槽,無毛,平滑,基部具葉鞘。葉片缺如,下部葉鞘鱗片狀,上部葉鞘呈筒狀,頂端斜截形,邊緣膜質,褐色。
苞片1枚,鱗片狀,卵形,長約2-4.5毫米,頂端具硬短尖;長側枝聚繖花序減退成僅具1個小穗;小穗頂生,稍俯垂,卵形、橢圓形或長圓狀卵形,長5-15毫米,寬2-5毫米,具10朵至多數花;
鱗片稍緊密地螺旋狀排列,紙質,寬卵形或近於橢圓形,頂端圓,具短尖,長3-5毫米,褐色,具銹色短條紋,背面具多條不明顯的脈;雄蕊3,花葯線形;
花柱長而扁平,基部稍膨大,上部具疏緣毛,柱頭2,短。小堅果倒卵形,扁雙凸狀,有時一面近於平的,長1.2-1.5毫米,白色,具極短的褐色子房柄,表面有橫的波紋狀隆起,邊緣具疣狀突起,花果期7-8月。
Annuals or short-lived perennials. Rhizomes extremely short or absent. Culms densely tufted, 15-85 cm tall, subcylindric, stiff, striate, smooth, glabrous, with leaf sheaths at base. Leaves bladeless; leaf sheath brown, basal ones glumelike and apical ones cylindric, margins membranous, apex obliquely truncate.
Involucral bract 1, glumelike, ovate, 2-4.5 mm, apex mucronate. Inflorescences reduced to a single terminal spikelet, ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, 5-15 × 2-5 mm, slightly nodding, 10- to many flowered.
Glumes rather densely spirally imbricate, brown with short rust-colored lines, broadly ovate to subelliptic, 3-5 mm, papery, veins many but abaxially faint, apex rounded and mucronate. Stamens 3; anthers linear.
Style long and compressed, basally slightly inflated, apically sparsely ciliate; stigmas 2, short. Nutlet white with a very short brown stipe, obovoid, 1.2-1.5 mm, flatly biconvex to sometimes nearly flat-convex, with transverse wavy reticulation and verruculose margins. Fl. and fr. Jul-Aug.
分類文獻
《中國植物志》 第11卷 (1961) >> 102頁 PDF >> 垂穗飄拂草 Fimbristylis nutans 36.垂穗飄拂草 圖版XXXIV, 1-5
Fimbristylis nutans (Retz.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. II (1806) 285; Benth. Fl.Hongk. (1861) 391; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI (1903) 241; Dunn et Tutch. Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. X (1912) 299: 侯寬昭等, 廣州植物志 (1956) 752——Scirpus nutans Retz. Observ. IV (1786) 12.
垂穗飄拂草生長環境
主要生長在潮濕處。
垂穗飄拂草分布範圍
主要分布在廣東、海南島、台灣、越南、緬甸、錫蘭、印度、加里曼丹島、澳洲。