麻德拉斯叶下珠查看源代码讨论查看历史
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中文名:麻德拉斯叶下珠 拉丁学名:Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:大戟目 亚 目:大戟亚目 科:大戟科 亚 科:叶下珠亚科 属:叶下珠属 |
麻德拉斯叶下珠(má dé lā sī yè xià zhū)，学名：Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.，是大戟科，叶下珠属植物。产于广东南部，分布于印度、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和热带非洲。 [1]
麻德拉斯叶下珠形态特征
麻德拉斯叶下珠是灌木，高达1.5米；多分枝，枝条具4棱，嫩时略带灰白色；全株均无毛。叶片倒卵形，长约2厘米，上部宽4-5毫米，顶端具尖头，基部楔形；
叶柄1-1.5毫米；托叶线状披针形，膜质。花雌雄同株，单朵雄花和2-3朵雌花簇生于叶腋；花梗极短；萼片5，倒卵形；雄花直径1.2毫米；
花盘腺体5，近圆形，分离；雄蕊3，花丝分离或基部合生，花药顶端尖，药室纵裂；雌花直径2.5毫米；花盘腺体5，长圆形，离生；
子房圆球状，3室，每室2颗胚珠，花柱3 ，分离，顶端浅2裂。蒴果圆球状，直径约5 毫米，平滑，成熟后3 瓣裂；种子具粗条纹。
Herbs, perennial but often flowering in first year, 0.15-0.9(-1.2) m tall, monoecious, glabrous throughout; stem usually woody at base; branching mostly basal, all similar, erect or ascending. Leaves spiral; stipules ovate, 1.5-2(-4) mm, petiole very short; leaf blade linear-lanceolate to obovate, (7-)10-30(-60) × (1-)2-7(-17) mm, leathery, gray-green, base rounded, apex shortly acuminate; lateral veins obscure. Inflorescences axillary fascicles, most axils with 1 female flower, distal axils with 1-4 male flowers.
Male flowers: pedicels ca. 1 mm; sepals 6, suborbicular, ca. 1 × 0.8 mm, margins entire; disk glands 6, small and smooth; stamens 3; filaments connate at base; anthers longitudinally dehiscent.
Female flowers: pedicels 1.5-2 mm; sepals 6, suborbicular to subspatulate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, margin entire; persistent in fruit; disk glands 6, ± square; ovary globose, 3-celled, smooth; styles 3, ± free. Fruit a capsule, oblate, 1.2-2 × ca. 3 mm, olive green, smooth. Seed 3-sided, ca. 1.3 mm, light brown, with rows of minute tubercles on back and sides.
Slopes with scrub, elsewhere often in disturbed areas. Hong Kong [India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; Africa, SW Asia, Australia].
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis is known from the Flora area from a single 19th-century collection from Hong Kong. Elsewhere it is a very successful adventive in drier regions. The description is based largely on material from outside China.
分类文献
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Line. Sp. Pl. 982. 1753; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: 654. 1832; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. tab. 1895, fig. 3. 1852; Benth. Fl. Hongkong.311. 1861; Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 19. 1863, et in DC. Prodr. 15(2) : 362. 1866; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 292. 1887.
麻德拉斯叶下珠生长环境
麻德拉斯叶下珠生长山地灌丛中。
麻德拉斯叶下珠分布范围
分布于印度、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和热带非洲。模式标本采自印度。