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中文学名:紫花绿绒蒿 拉丁学名:Meconopsis violacea 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:罂粟目 亚 目:罂粟亚目 科:罂粟科 属:绿绒蒿属 亚 属:绿绒蒿亚属 种:紫花绿绒蒿 |
紫花绿绒蒿(zǐ huā lǜ róng hāo),学名：Meconopsis violacea Kingdon-Ward,是罂粟科绿绒蒿属植物，一年生草本。 [1]
紫花绿绒蒿形态特征
紫花绿绒蒿 主根萝卜状，基生叶密集莲座状，叶片长约16厘米，宽约4厘米，羽状全裂或深裂，裂片长圆形或披针状长圆形；
先端急尖，边缘全缘或不整齐的分裂，两面特别中脉和边缘被长柔毛并混生短毛，叶柄长约7.5厘米；下部茎生叶同基生叶，但叶柄较短，上部茎生叶无柄，基部耳形，略抱茎，最上部茎生叶羽状分裂。
花茎长达180厘米，被长柔毛和绒毛；花下垂，生于上部茎生叶腋内；花梗细，长约6.2厘米，果时达13厘米，先端密被毛。花瓣4（有时5-6），倒卵形至近圆形，长约3.7厘米，宽约2.5厘米，浅蓝色、丝光紫罗兰色或有时紫色；
花丝丝状，上部与花瓣同色，基部白色，花药亮橘黄色；子房椭圆形至椭圆状长圆形，密被紧贴或斜展、淡金黄色毛，花柱明显，长达7毫米，通常较细，柱头近棒状或略具分离的裂片，淡绿色。
蒴果椭圆状长圆形，密被宿存、紧贴的毛或基部被硬毛，7-9瓣自先端微裂。种子椭圆状长圆形至肾形，种皮密具乳突。
Herbs, monocarpic, to 2 m tall in flower. Taproot radishlike. Basal leaves in a dense, evergreen, sea-green rosette; petiole ca. 7.5 cm; blade elliptic-oblong, ca. 16 × 4 cm, both surfaces especially midvein and margin villous and mixed barbellate-pubescent, pinnatisect or pinnatipartite; lobes oblong or lanceolate-oblong, margin entire or irregularly lobed, apex acute. Lower cauline leaves similar to basal ones but shorter petiolate; upper cauline leaves sessile, basally auriculate-amplexicaul, pinnatifid.
Inflorescence racemose, barbellate-tomentose. Flowers nutant, bracteate. Pedicel ca. 6.2 cm, to 13 cm at fruiting, slender, apically densely pilose. Petals 4(-6), pale blue, bluish violet, or sometimes purple, obovate to suborbicular, ca. 3.7 × 2.5 cm. Filaments of same color as petals but white at base, filiform; anthers bright orange.
Ovary elliptic to elliptic-oblong, densely appressed or inclined slightly golden pubescent; styles distinct, to 7-9 mm, usually slender; stigmas virescent, nearly clavate or sometimes with separate lobes. Capsule elliptic-oblong, 3.5-3.7 × 1.4-1.5 cm, densely ascending pubescent or basally setose, 7-9-valvate for a short distance from apex. Seeds elliptic-oblong to reniform, seed coat densely papillose. Fl. Jun-Jul.
分类文献
Meconopsis violacea Kingdon-Ward in Gard. 91: 450, in obs. (July 1927): in Gard. Chron. Ser. 3, 82: 506, in obs. (Dec. 1927); Tayl. Monogr. 43. 1934; C. Y. Wu et H. Chuang in Act. Bot. Yunn. 2 (4): 375. 1980; 中国高等植物图鉴补编1: 651. 1982，in clavi;西藏植物志2: 239. 1985.
紫花绿绒蒿生长环境
紫花绿绒蒿 生长于海拔3000-3900米高寒草甸砾地、山地砾石坡、沟谷山麓。