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小果野蕉

来自 植物智 的图片

中文学名:小果野蕉

拉丁学名:Musa

acuminata Colla

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:单子叶植物纲

亚 纲:姜亚纲

目:藤黄目

科:芭蕉科

属:芭蕉属

种:小果野蕉

分布区域:云南东南部

至西部及广西西部

是否引种栽培:非人工引种栽培

小果野蕉(xiǎo guǒ yě jiāo),学名 Musa acuminata Colla,俗名:尖叶蕉,异名:Musa chinensis ,为姜目芭蕉科植物。产于中国云南东南部至西部及广西西部。国外印度北部、缅甸泰国越南、经马来西亚菲律宾也有分布。 [1]

小果野蕉形态特征

假茎高约4.8米,油绿色,带黑斑,被有蜡粉。叶片长圆形,长1.9-2.3米,宽50-70厘米,基部耳形,不对称,叶面绿色,被蜡粉,叶背黄绿色,无蜡粉或被蜡粉,中脉上面绿色,下面白黄色;

叶柄长约0.8米,被蜡粉,叶翼张开约0.6厘米。雄花合生花被片先端3裂,中裂片两侧有小裂片,二侧裂片先端具钩,钩上有毛,离生花被片长不及合生花被片之半,先端微凹,凹陷处具小尖突。

果序长1.2米,总梗长达0.7米,直径4厘米,被白色刚毛。浆果圆柱形,长约9厘米,内弯,绿色或黄绿色,被白色刚毛,具5棱角,先端收缩而延成长0.6厘米的喙;

基部弯,下延成长不及1厘米的柄,果内具多数种子,种子褐色,不规则?嗬庑危本?5-6毫米,高3毫米。

Pseudostems green with black blotches, ca. 4.8 m. Leaf sheath and petiole pruinose; petiole ca. 80 cm, margin erect or spreading and basally with scarious wings; leaf blade adaxially green and pruinose, abaxially yellow-green and pruinose or not, oblong, 1.9--2.3 m × 50--70 cm, base cordate, asymmetric, midvein adaxially green, abaxially white-yellow. Inflorescence subhorizontal or vertically reflexed; peduncle usually downy or hairy.

Bracts bright red to dark violet, sometimes yellow at extreme apex, ovate, apex usually acute. Male flowers ca. 20 per bract, in 2 rows. Compound tepal white or cream, lemon yellow at apex, 3.5--4 cm, apex of outer lobes with a hooklike, hairy appendage; free tepal not more than 1/2 as long as compound tepal, apex emarginate, shortly apiculate. Infructescence ca. 1.2 m; peduncle to 70 × ca. 4 cm, white setose.

Berries incurved, green to yellow-green, 5-angled when young, cylindric at maturity, ca. 9 cm, white setose, base curved and attenuate into a stalk, apex contracted into a rostrum 6--10 mm. Seeds numerous in wild plants but absent in cultivated clones, brown, depressed, 5--6 mm in diam., irregularly angled. 2 n = 22, 33.

Shaded and moist ravines, marshlands, semimarshlands, slopes, also cultivated; near sea level to 1200 m. Native in W Guangxi and Yunnan; cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, and Yunnan [India, Indonesia (Java), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].

Wild plants are diploid (2 n = 22) and bear fruits containing numerous seeds making them inedible. Cultivated plants are triploid (2 n = 33) and bear seedless, edible fruits; such plants have been called M. acuminata ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ ( M. cavendishii Lambert ex Paxton; M. chinensis Sweet; M. nana Loureiro).

分类文献

《中国植物志》 第16(2)卷 (1981) >> 009页 PDF >> 小果野蕉 Musa acuminata 2.小果野蕉(云南)阿加蕉(云南景颇语);木桂根雷(云南傣语)

Musa acuminata Colla, Men. Gen. Musa 66. 1820; Cheesm. in Kew Bull. 1948: 17. 1948.

小果野蕉生长环境

生长于海拔1,000米至1,200米的地区,多生长于沼泽、半沼泽、阴湿的沟谷或坡地 上,尚未由人工引种栽培。

小果野蕉分布范围

适应性强,分布广,主要产自云南东南部至西部及广西西部。

价值

假茎可作猪饲料。本种是目前世界上栽培香蕉的亲本种之一。

参考来源

  1. 小果野蕉, 植物智, 2020-01-18