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小果野蕉

来自 植物智 的图片

中文学名:小果野蕉 拉丁学名:Musa acuminata Colla 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:单子叶植物纲 亚 纲:姜亚纲 目:藤黄目 科:芭蕉科 属:芭蕉属 种:小果野蕉 分布区域:云南东南部 至西部及广西西部 是否引种栽培:非人工引种栽培

小果野蕉(xiǎo guǒ yě jiāo)，学名 Musa acuminata Colla，俗名：尖叶蕉，异名：Musa chinensis ，为姜目、芭蕉科植物。产于中国云南东南部至西部及广西西部。国外印度北部、缅甸、泰国、越南、经马来西亚至菲律宾也有分布。

小果野蕉形态特征

假茎高约4.8米，油绿色，带黑斑，被有蜡粉。叶片长圆形，长1.9-2.3米，宽50-70厘米，基部耳形，不对称，叶面绿色，被蜡粉，叶背黄绿色，无蜡粉或被蜡粉，中脉上面绿色，下面白黄色；

叶柄长约0.8米，被蜡粉，叶翼张开约0.6厘米。雄花合生花被片先端3裂，中裂片两侧有小裂片，二侧裂片先端具钩，钩上有毛，离生花被片长不及合生花被片之半，先端微凹，凹陷处具小尖突。

果序长1.2米，总梗长达0.7米，直径4厘米，被白色刚毛。浆果圆柱形，长约9厘米，内弯，绿色或黄绿色，被白色刚毛，具5棱角，先端收缩而延成长0.6厘米的喙；

基部弯，下延成长不及1厘米的柄，果内具多数种子，种子褐色，不规则?嗬庑危本?5-6毫米，高3毫米。

Pseudostems green with black blotches, ca. 4.8 m. Leaf sheath and petiole pruinose; petiole ca. 80 cm, margin erect or spreading and basally with scarious wings; leaf blade adaxially green and pruinose, abaxially yellow-green and pruinose or not, oblong, 1.9--2.3 m × 50--70 cm, base cordate, asymmetric, midvein adaxially green, abaxially white-yellow. Inflorescence subhorizontal or vertically reflexed; peduncle usually downy or hairy.

Bracts bright red to dark violet, sometimes yellow at extreme apex, ovate, apex usually acute. Male flowers ca. 20 per bract, in 2 rows. Compound tepal white or cream, lemon yellow at apex, 3.5--4 cm, apex of outer lobes with a hooklike, hairy appendage; free tepal not more than 1/2 as long as compound tepal, apex emarginate, shortly apiculate. Infructescence ca. 1.2 m; peduncle to 70 × ca. 4 cm, white setose.

Berries incurved, green to yellow-green, 5-angled when young, cylindric at maturity, ca. 9 cm, white setose, base curved and attenuate into a stalk, apex contracted into a rostrum 6--10 mm. Seeds numerous in wild plants but absent in cultivated clones, brown, depressed, 5--6 mm in diam., irregularly angled. 2 n = 22, 33.

Shaded and moist ravines, marshlands, semimarshlands, slopes, also cultivated; near sea level to 1200 m. Native in W Guangxi and Yunnan; cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, and Yunnan [India, Indonesia (Java), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].

Wild plants are diploid (2 n = 22) and bear fruits containing numerous seeds making them inedible. Cultivated plants are triploid (2 n = 33) and bear seedless, edible fruits; such plants have been called M. acuminata ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ ( M. cavendishii Lambert ex Paxton; M. chinensis Sweet; M. nana Loureiro).

分类文献

《中国植物志》 第16(2)卷 (1981) >> 009页 PDF >> 小果野蕉 Musa acuminata 2．小果野蕉（云南）阿加蕉（云南景颇语）；木桂根雷（云南傣语）

Musa acuminata Colla, Men. Gen. Musa 66. 1820; Cheesm. in Kew Bull. 1948: 17. 1948.

小果野蕉生长环境

生长于海拔1,000米至1,200米的地区，多生长于沼泽、半沼泽、阴湿的沟谷或坡地 上，尚未由人工引种栽培。

小果野蕉分布范围

适应性强，分布广，主要产自云南东南部至西部及广西西部。

价值

假茎可作猪饲料。本种是目前世界上栽培香蕉的亲本种之一。