哈佛大学查看源代码讨论查看历史

哈佛大学（英语：Harvard University）为一所本部坐落于麻省; zh-tw:麻薩諸塞州; zh-cn:马萨诸塞州; zh-hk:麻省剑桥市的私立研究型大学。其因历史、学术影响力、财富等因素而获评为世上最享负盛名的学府之一。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

哈佛于1636年由当地的殖民地立法机关立案成立，迄今为全美历史最悠久的高等学府，并拥有北美最古老的校董委员会。^[6] 其最初称之为“新学院”，该机构为了感谢一名年轻的牧师约翰·哈佛所作出的捐赠，而改名为“哈佛学院”。虽然从没有与任何宗教派别有正式的联系，但早期的学院还是以培养公理会及一位论派神职者为主要职责。可是自18世纪起，其课程与学生群体的宗教性质渐渐淡化，而19世纪的哈佛则进一步成为了波士顿精英（：Boston Brahmin）的文化起源地^[7]^[8]。美国南北战争后，当时的校长查尔斯·艾略特将哈佛各个学术机构综合成了一所研究型大学，并增添了小班授课以及入学考试，而这些模式同时也影响了国家的中高等教育政策。此校亦为美洲大学协会14个原始成员之一^[9]，并在经济大萧条及二次大战后进一步修改了课程及收生政策。后与拉德克利夫学院合并成为了男女校。^[9]

校方目前共有十所学院及一所高等研究院。这些单位偏布邻近各区：其本部位于剑桥的哈佛庭院（：Harvard Yard）；医学、公共卫生及牙医学院位于波士顿的长木医学区；而包括哈佛体育场在内的大学体育设施以及商学院则在奥尔斯顿（：Allston）。哈佛同时拥有庞大的资产，每年所收到的捐款回赠数目长期位列全球教育机构之首。^[10]^[11]^[12]

↑ （英文）Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis. Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University. Oxford University Press. 2001: 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard's professional schools... won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. (...) Harvard's age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes.
↑ （英文）Spaulding, Christina. Sexual Shakedown. (编) Trumpbour, John. How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. 1989: 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. ... [Harvard's] tremendous institutional power and prestige (...) Within the nation's (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning ...
↑ （英文）David Altaner. Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports. Bloomberg. 2011-03-09 [2012-03-01].
↑ （英文）Collier's Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world's most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636.
↑ （英文）Newport, Frank. Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place. Gallup.
↑ （英文）Rudolph, Frederick. The American College and University. University of Georgia Press. 1961: 3. ISBN 0-8203-1285-1.
↑ （英文）Story, Ronald. Harvard and the Boston Brahmins: A Study in Institutional and Class Development, 1800–1865. Journal of Social History. 1975, 8 (3): 94–121. doi:10.1353/jsh/8.3.94.
↑ （英文）Farrell, Betty G. Elite Families: Class and Power in Nineteenth-Century Boston. State University of New York Press. 1993. ISBN 0-7914-1593-7.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 （英文）Member Institutions and years of Admission. Association of American Universities. [2010-08-28].
↑ （英文）U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2011 Endowment Market Value (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. [2012-10-09]. ^{[失效链接]}
↑ （英文）U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2012 Endowment Market Value (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. [2013-06-29]. ^{[失效链接]}
↑ （英文）NACUBO Endowment Study: Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2006 Market Value of Endowment Assets with Percent Change (PDF). January 2007 [2013-06-29]. ^{[失效链接]}

[1] （英文）Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis. Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University. Oxford University Press. 2001: 463–481. ISBN 0-19-514457-0. Harvard's professional schools... won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. (...) Harvard's age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes.

[2] （英文）Spaulding, Christina. Sexual Shakedown. (编) Trumpbour, John. How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire. South End Press. 1989: 326–336. ISBN 0-89608-284-9. ... [Harvard's] tremendous institutional power and prestige (...) Within the nation's (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning ...

[3] （英文）David Altaner. Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports. Bloomberg. 2011-03-09 [2012-03-01].

[4] （英文）Collier's Encyclopedia. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. Harvard University, one of the world's most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636.

[5] （英文）Newport, Frank. Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place. Gallup.

[6] （英文）Rudolph, Frederick. The American College and University. University of Georgia Press. 1961: 3. ISBN 0-8203-1285-1.

[7] （英文）Story, Ronald. Harvard and the Boston Brahmins: A Study in Institutional and Class Development, 1800–1865. Journal of Social History. 1975, 8 (3): 94–121. doi:10.1353/jsh/8.3.94.

[8] （英文）Farrell, Betty G. Elite Families: Class and Power in Nineteenth-Century Boston. State University of New York Press. 1993. ISBN 0-7914-1593-7.

[AAU-9] 9.0 ^9.1 （英文）Member Institutions and years of Admission. Association of American Universities. [2010-08-28].

[NACUBO1-10] （英文）U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2011 Endowment Market Value (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. [2012-10-09]. ^{[失效链接]}

[NACUBO2-11] （英文）U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2012 Endowment Market Value (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. [2013-06-29]. ^{[失效链接]}

[12] （英文）NACUBO Endowment Study: Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2006 Market Value of Endowment Assets with Percent Change (PDF). January 2007 [2013-06-29]. ^{[失效链接]}

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