竹葉胡椒檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
竹葉胡椒 |
中文名:竹葉胡椒 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:胡椒目 科:胡椒科 屬:胡椒屬 亞 屬:胡椒亞屬 種:竹葉胡椒 分布區域:中國江西 中部和北部 命名者及年代:Tseng,1979 中文學名:Piper bambusaefolium Tseng |
竹葉胡椒(zhú yè hú jiāo,學名:Piper bambusaefolium Tseng,異名:Piper bambusaefolium )是胡椒科,胡椒屬藤本灌木;莖、枝有膨大的節,揉之有香氣;維管束外面的聯合成環,葉互生,全緣;托葉多少貼生於葉柄上,早落。花單性,雌雄異株,或稀有兩性或雜性,聚集成與葉對生或稀有頂生的穗狀花序,花序通常寬於總花梗的3倍以上;苞片離生,盾狀或杯狀;通常着生於花序軸上,稀着生於子房基部,子房離生或有時嵌生於花序軸中而與其合生,漿果倒卵形,無柄或具長短不等的柄。花期4-7月。 產於[[江西]中部和北部(南豐、西頭蝦蟆潭)、陝西(平利)、湖北東南部([[通山])、四川東北和東南部(城口、南川)和貴州(清鎮、安順)。生於林中,爬登於石壁上或樹上,海拔320-1200米。模式標本采自四川城口。 (概述圖參考來源:中國自然標本館) [1]
竹葉胡椒形態特徵
攀援藤本,除花序軸和苞片柄外,余均無毛;花枝纖細,干時無顯著縱中1條不明顯,彎拱上升達葉片2/3處即彎拱網結,基部1對細弱,斜伸1-2厘米即彎拱網結;葉柄長4-6毫米,僅基部具鞘 。
花單性,雌雄異株,聚集成與葉 對生的穗狀花序。雄花序於花期通常長為葉片之半,約21-4厘米,直徑約1.5毫米,黃色;總花梗與葉柄等長或略長;
花序軸被毛;苞片圓形,邊緣不整齊,近無柄或具短柄,直徑約0.8毫米,盾狀;雄蕊3枚,花葯腎形,比花絲略短。雌花序特短,幼期苞片成覆瓦狀排列時長僅3毫米,花期長可達1.5厘米;
總花梗略長於葉柄;花序軸和苞片與雄花序的相 同;子房離生,柱頭3-4,短,卵狀漸尖。漿果球形,干時紅色,平滑,直徑2-2.5毫米。花期4-7月。[2]
分類文獻
Piper bambusifolium Y. C. Tseng 竹葉胡椒 zhu ye hu jiao
Climbers glabrous except for rachis, dioecious. Flowering stems slender, without evident ridges when dry. Petiole 4-6 mm, sheathed at base only;
leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 4-8 × 1.2-2.5(-3) cm, thickly papery, finely glandular, often drying pale brown, base slightly tapered or rounded, symmetric, apex long acuminate; veins (4 or)5, apical pair arising 1-1.5 cm above base, alternate, sometimes 1 inconspicuous, looped 2/3 way up;
reticulate veins inconspicuous. Spikes leaf-opposed. Male spikes yellow, ca. 1/2 as long as leaf blades, usually 2-4 cm × ca. 1.5 cm; peduncle ca. as long as petioles or slightly longer;
bracts orbicular, ca. 0.8 mm wide, peltate, margin not entire, ± sessile to shortly stalked. Stamens 3; filaments slightly longer than anthers; anthers reniform.
Female spikes to 1.5 cm at anthesis; peduncle slightly longer than petioles; rachis hairy; bracts as in male spikes.
Ovary distinct; stigmas 3 or 4, ovate-acuminate, short. Drupe drying red, globose, 2-2.5 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. Apr-Jul.
- Forests, on rocks or trees; 300-1200 m. Guizhou, SE Hubei, C and N Jiangxi, NE and SE Sichuan
竹葉胡椒生長環境
生長於海拔320-1200米的林中,爬登於石壁上或樹上。[3]
竹葉胡椒分布範圍
產於[[江西]中部和北部(南豐、西頭蝦蟆潭)、陝西(平利)、湖北東南部([[通山])、四川東北和東南部(城口、南川)和貴州(清鎮、安順)。模式標本采自四川城口。[4]
參考來源
- ↑ 竹葉胡椒, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 竹葉椒的功效與作用-圖片-禁忌-鄉間郎中 別名:狗花椒、花胡椒、搜山虎、野花椒、三葉花椒、山胡椒、白總管、萬花針 性味:味辛,性溫。有小毒。 歸經:歸肺、大腸經。 竹葉椒的功效與作用散...
- ↑ 竹葉胡椒 Piper bambusaefolium 竹葉胡椒(zhuyehujiao)CVHCFHeFlorasEOLTPLIPNIBHLPOWOGBIFiDigBioBingPiper bambusaefolium注:名稱已修訂,正名為 竹葉胡椒 Piper bambusifolium...
- ↑ FOC >> Vol.4 (1999) >> Piperaceae >> Piper