變更

'''2023年维尔纽斯峰会'''是于2023年7月11日至12日在[[立陶宛]]首都[[维尔纽斯]]举行的[[北約峰會|北约峰会]]。此次峰会是在[[2022年馬德里峰會|2022年马德里峰会]]期间正式提出的<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 June 2022|title=Madrid Summit Declaration|url=[https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_196951.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web Madrid Summit Declaration]，Press Release (2022) 095Issued on 29 Jun.archive.org/web/202207062027312022，NATO</ref><ref>[https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_196951news_208802.htm|archive-date=6 July 2022|access-date=15 February 2023|website=NATO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=9 November 2022|title=NATO Secretary General announces dates for 2023 Vilnius Summit|url=https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_208802.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214090415/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_208802.htm|archive-date=14 ]，14 February 2023|access-date=15 February 2023|website=NATO}}，NATO</ref>，在峰会上，世界领导人讨论[[2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭|俄罗斯入侵乌克兰]]以及[[乌克兰]]和[[瑞典]]未来加入[[北大西洋公约组织|北约]]问题。 <ref>{{Cite web|last=Shankar|first=Priyanka|title=NATO membership of Ukraine, Sweden in focus at Vilnius summit|url=[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/10/nato-membership-of-ukraine-sweden-in-focus-at-vilnius-summit|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711010024/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/10/nato-NATO membership-of-ukraine-sweden-Ukraine, Sweden in-focus-at-vilnius-Vilnius summit|archive-date=11 ]，11 July 2023|access-date=11 July 2023|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}，Russia-Ukraine war Aljazeera News</ref>

此次峰会是在[[2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭|俄罗斯入侵乌克兰]]的背景下举行。[[乌克兰]]总统[[弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基]]在2023年1月向[[立陶宛议会]]发表的讲话，称此次峰会具有重大意义。<ref name="ualt">{{Cite web|date=13 January 2023|title=Zelenskyy Hopes That NATO Summit in Lithuania Will Be Fateful|url=[https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/eng/news/2023/01/13/7154097/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315013639/https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/eng/news/Zelenskyy Hopes That NATO Summit in Lithuania Will Be Fateful ]，13 January 2023/01/13/7154097/|archive-date=15 March 2023|access-date=15 February 2023|website=www.eurointegration.com.ua}}，European Pravda </ref>乌克兰表示希望在维尔纽斯峰会上被正式邀请加入北约。<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 June 2023|title=Ukraine wants NATO invite at Vilnius summit, urges 'courage,' Zelenskiy aide says|url=[https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-wants-nato-invite-vilnius-summit-urges-courage-zelenskiy-aide-2023-06-29/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704111909/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-Ukraine wants-nato-NATO invite-vilnius-at Vilnius summit-, urges-'courage-zelenskiy-,' Zelenskiy aide-says]，29 June 2023-06-29/|archive-date=4 July 2023|access-date=4 July 2023|website=Reuters}}，Reuters</ref>2023年7月8日，美国总统[[乔·拜登]]表示，乌克兰当时尚未准备好加入北约。<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-08|title=Biden: Ukraine is not ready for NATO membership now|url=[https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/biden-ukraine-not-ready-nato-013631929.html|access-date=2023-07-08|website=Yahoo Biden: Ukraine is not ready for NATO membership ]，Yahoo Life|language=en-US|archive-date=2023，2023-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708195719/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/biden-ukraine-not-ready-nato-013631929.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>截至峰会召开时，已有24个成员国正式宣布支持[[烏克蘭—北約關係|乌克兰（在條件允許時）加入北约]]。 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-08|title=Portugal supports Ukraine's membership in NATO when conditions allow|url=[https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3733222-portugal-supports-ukraines-membership-in-nato-when-conditions-allow.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708122245/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3733222-portugal-Portugal supports-ukraines-Ukraine's membership-in-nato-NATO when-conditions-allow]，ukrinform.html|archive-date=8 July 2023|access-date=2023net，2023-07-08|website=www.ukrinform.net|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuysuz|first=Hira Humayun,Radina Gigova,Mariya Knight,Tara John,Gul|date=2023-07-07|title=Turkey's Erdogan says Ukraine deserves NATO membership|url=[https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/07/europe/turkey-ukraine-nato-membership-intl/index.html|urlTurkey's Erdogan says Ukraine deserves ]，CNN，2023-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708084745/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/07/europe/turkey-ukraine-nato-membership-intl/index.html|archive-date=8 July 2023|access-date=2023-07-08|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref>在2023年7月4日峰会之前，立陶宛前总统[[达利娅·格里包斯凯特]]批评西方领导人未能阻止俄罗斯的侵略，并表示拒绝邀请乌克兰加入北约将是一个错误。<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 July 2023|title=Europe said Baltics were right about Russia, but is ignoring us again, says Lithuania's former president|url=[https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2027748/europe-said-baltics-were-right-about-russia-but-is-ignoring-us-again-says-lithuania-s-former-president|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704090934/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2027748/europe-Europe said-baltics-Baltics were-right-about-russia-Russia, but-is-ignoring-us-again-, says-lithuania-Lithuania's-former-president|archive-date=4 July 2023|access-date=4 ]， LRT，4 July 2023|website=LRT}}</ref>

继[[芬蘭—北約關係|芬兰于2023年初加入北约]]后，许多北约成员国一直期望[[土耳其]]和[[匈牙利]]能够在峰会前完成批准程序并允许瑞典加入。 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-29|title=Lithuania hopes Sweden will join NATO ahead of Vilnius summit despite Hungary's objection|url=[https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2024473/lithuania-hopes-sweden-will-join-nato-ahead-of-vilnius-summit-despite-hungary-s-objection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704111410/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2024473/lithuania-Lithuania hopes-sweden-Sweden will-join-nato-NATO ahead-of-vilnius-Vilnius summit-despite-hungary-Hungary's-objection|archive]，LRT，2023-date=4 July 2023|access06-date=4 July 2023|website=LRT}}29</ref>但由于土耳其的反对，目前尚不清楚土耳其是否会在峰会召开前支持瑞典的申请。 <ref>{{Cite web|date=28 June 2003|title=Sweden's NATO bid could face delay beyond Vilnius summit - Western official|url=[https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/swedens-nato-bid-could-face-delay-beyond-vilnius-summit-western-official-2023-06-28/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628202417/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/swedens-nato-Sweden's NATO bid-could-face-delay-beyond-vilnius-Vilnius summit-western-Western official-2023-06-28/|archive-date=28 ]，Reuters，28 June 2023|access-date=4 July 2003|website=Reuters}}</ref>

由于与[[中国]]和[[俄罗斯]]的紧张关系日益加剧，[[澳大利亚|澳洲]][[中华人民共和国|、]][[俄罗斯|日本]][[日本|、]][[新西兰]]和[[大韩民国|韩国]]将出席此次峰会，以加强与北约的关系。 <ref>{{Cite web|date=5 April 2023|title=Statement of the NATO Secretary General with representatives of Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea|url=[https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_213474.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704115036/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_213474.htm|archive-date=4 July Statement of the NATO Secretary General with representatives of Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea]，NATO，5 April 2023|access-date=4 July 2023|website=NATO}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2 July 2023|title=With eye on China, Japan to deepen ties with NATO at key leaders' summit|url=[https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/07/02/national/nato-leaders-summit-japan-preview/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704115036/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/07/02/national/nato-With eye on China, Japan to deepen ties with NATO at key leaders-' summit-japan-preview/|archive-date=4 ]，The Japan Times2 July 2023|access-date=4 July 2023|website=The Japan Times}}</ref>

美国总统[[乔·拜登]]和其他一些领导人于峰会前夕开始抵达[[维尔纽斯]]。 <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2023|title=US President Joe Biden arrives in Lithuania – photos|url=[https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2031575/us-president-joe-biden-arrives-in-lithuania-photos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711010036/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2031575/us-president-joe-biden-US President Joe Biden arrives-in-lithuania-photos|archive-date=11 July 2023|access-date=10 Lithuania ]，10 July 2023|website=LRT}}，LRT</ref>晚上，秘书长[[延斯·斯托尔滕贝格]]主持了土耳其总统[[雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安]]和瑞典首相[[乌尔夫·克里斯特松]]的会晤。经过几个小时的谈判，斯托尔滕贝格宣布埃尔多安同意解除瑞典加入北约的障碍并确保尽快批准。 <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 July 2023|title=Turkey's Erdogan to back Sweden joining Nato - Stoltenberg|url=[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-66160319|urlTurkey's Erdogan to back Sweden joining Nato -status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710193316/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-66160319|archive-date=10 Stoltenberg]，10 July 2023|access-date=10 ，10 July 2023|website=BBC ，BBC News}}</ref>消息公布后不久，匈牙利总理[[奧班·維克多|欧尔班·维克托]]政府表示，匈牙利現將不再阻止瑞典加入北約。  <ref>{{Cite news|author=Siebold|first=Sabine|author2=Irish|first2=John|date=2023-07-10|title=Turkey gives green light to Swedish NATO membership bid|language=en|work=Reuters|url=[https://www.reuters.com/world/turkey-sweden-locked-talks-break-impasse-over-nato-membership-2023-07-10/|accessdate=2023Turkey gives green light to Swedish NATO membership ]，Reuters，2023-07-11|archive-date=2023-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710232832/https://www.reuters.com/world/turkey-sweden-locked-talks-break-impasse-over-nato-membership-2023-07-10/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

斯托尔滕贝格表示，在[[俄乌战争]]仍在进行期间，乌克兰不会成为北约成员国，此次峰会并不意味着正式邀请乌克兰加入北约，尽管各国对于[[乌克兰]]是否能够於戰爭結束後加入北约仍存在分歧。 <ref>{{Cite news|author=Siebold|first=Sabine|date=10 July 2023|title=Explainer: What's on the table for NATO at Vilnius summit?|language=en|work=Reuters|url=[https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/whats-table-nato-vilnius-summit-2023-07-10/|accessdate=11 July 2023|archivedate=11 July 2023|archiveurl=httpsExplainer://web.archive.org/web/20230711010047/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/whats-What's on the table-nato-vilnius-for NATO at Vilnius summit-?]，11 July 2023-07-10/}}，Reuters</ref>乌克兰总统[[弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基|泽连斯基]]表示，他希望战争结束后北约尽快允许乌克兰加入。然而，其他国家担心乌克兰如此迅速地加入北约可能会增加俄罗斯的侵略性，并使战争进一步拖延。 <ref>{{Cite news|date=10 July 2023|title=Nato summit: Ukraine's future membership to be discussed by leaders in Vilnius|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url[=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66157625|accessdate=11 July 2023|archive-date=2023Nato summit: Ukraine's future membership to be discussed by leaders in Vilnius]，BBC News，2023-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710234142/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66157625|dead-url=no}}</ref>斯托尔滕贝格还表示，他希望峰会能够为乌克兰制定一个未来几年的长期援助计划：“我们已经承诺提供5亿欧元（5.48亿美元）用于满足关键需求，包括燃料、医疗用品、排雷设备和浮桥。我们还将帮助建设乌克兰的安全和国防部门，包括军事医院。我们将帮助乌克兰从苏联时代的装备和标准过渡到北约时代的装备和标准。” <ref name=":3"/>

<ref name=">[https://sputniknews.cn 2023 p697">{{cite web | title= /amp/20230712/1051719242.html 北约秘书长：北约成员国同意将不少于GDP的2%用于国防开支 - 2023 ]，2023 年7月12日, 俄罗斯卫星通讯社 | website=sputniknews.cn | date=2023-07-12 | url=https://sputniknews.cn/amp/20230712/1051719242.html | language=zh | access-date=2023-07-16 | archive-date=2023-07-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716023014/https://sputniknews.cn/amp/20230712/1051719242.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>

2023年7月11日，北约发表了一份公报，称中华人民共和国运用广泛的政治、经济和军事手段来扩大其全球影响力，同时对其战略、意图和军事集结保持不透明。中华人民共和国的恶意混合行动和网络行动及其针对盟国的对抗性言论和虚假信息损害联盟的安全。北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格在峰会上对记者表示，虽然中国不是北约的敌手，但它卻挑战基于规则的国际秩序，拒绝谴责俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争，威胁台湾，并进行大规模的军事集结。<ref name="美国之音 2023 z528">{{cite web | title=中国谴责北约峰会公报对华取态 反对北约‘东进亚太’ | website=美国之音 | date=2023-07-12 | url=[https://www.voachinese.com/a/china-reiterates-opposition-to-nato-view-on-china-20230712/7177274.html | language=zh | access-date=2023 中国谴责北约峰会公报对华取态 反对北约‘东进亚太’ ]，美国之音，2023-07-12 | archive-date=2023-07-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718162210/https://www.voachinese.com/a/china-reiterates-opposition-to-nato-view-on-china-20230712/7177274.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>

2023年7月12日，G7在北约峰会发表联合宣言，宣布将确保乌克兰长期安全。<ref name="RFI - 法国国际广播电台 2023 z936">{{Cite news|url=[https://rfi.my/9jMd|title=G7在北约峰会发表联合宣言 将确保乌克兰长期安全|work= ]， 法國國際廣播電台|date=2023，2023-07-12}}</ref>