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,创建页面，内容为“爱德华·蒙克(Edvard Munch，1863年12月12日-1944年1月23日)，挪威表现主义画家、版画复制匠，现代表现主义绘画的先驱。 爱德华·…”
爱德华·蒙克(Edvard Munch，1863年12月12日-1944年1月23日)，挪威表现主义画家、版画复制匠，现代表现主义绘画的先驱。
爱德华·蒙克绘画带有强烈的主观性和悲伤压抑的情调。他对心理苦闷的强烈的，呼唤式的处理手法对20世纪初德国表现主义的成长起了主要的影响，其主要作品有《呐喊》，《生命之舞》，《卡尔约翰街的夜晚》。
人物生平
早年经历
1863年12月12日，爱德华·蒙克出生于挪威雷登在奥斯陆长大。爱德华·蒙克的父亲患有精神病，他向他的孩子们灌输了对地狱的根深蒂固的恐惧，他一再告诉他们, 如果他们在任何情况下、以任何方式犯有罪孽，他们就会注定被投入地狱，没有任何宽恕的机会。
1879年 ，爱德华·蒙克为成为一名工程师而进工学院念书受印象主义画风的影响，然而，频繁的患病中断了他的学业。
1880年，爱德华·蒙克为了成为一名画家而离开工学院。
1881年，爱德华·蒙克考进了奥斯陆皇家艺术和设计学院，他的老师是雕刻家朱利厄斯·米德尔顿和自然主义画家克里斯蒂安·克罗格。
1885年，爱德华·蒙克前往巴黎。他的作品开始显示出法国画家的影响;一开始是印象派，接着是后期印象派，然后是新艺术造型。爱德华·蒙克的绘画尽管风格上是后期印象派的，但在主题上却是象征派的，爱德华·蒙克的绘画内容在于刻画内心世界而不是外在现实。
中年经历
1889年改用传统的画法创作《病孩》变体画《春》，从而获得奖学金去法国留学，从师L.博纳。在法国，他在研究印象主义画法的基础上，转而对后印象主义和纳比派发生兴趣。他发现线条和色彩有强烈的表现力，试图用它们画出活生生的人们，他们的呼吸、感觉、受苦受难并彼此的相爱。
1892年 爱德华·蒙克应邀参加柏林艺术家联盟在11月份举行的画展。爱德华·蒙克的绘画成了苦涩的争论对象，画展在一星期后结束。在柏林，爱德华·蒙克成了一个国际圈子里的一员，里面有作家、艺术家和评论家，包括挪威剧作家亨利·易卜生和瑞典戏剧家奥古斯特·史特林堡。爱德华·蒙克为易卜生的几个剧本设计了布景。
1893年1893年12月，爱德华·蒙克在柏林著名的菩提树下大街开画展。和其它作品一起，爱德华·蒙克出展了题为"爱的研究系列"，由六幅画所组成。这是他此后命名为"生命的饰带 以 生命、爱情和死亡的诗"组画的起点。它包括深深地沉浸于大气的主题《风暴》、《月光》和《星夜》。其它主题有揭示爱的阴暗面的，比如《玫瑰与阿美莉》和《吸血鬼》。《病室里的死亡》则以死亡为主题，基于爱德华·蒙克对姐姐苏菲之死的回忆。
1894年，"生命的饰带"加进了《焦躁》、《灰烬》、《圣母》和《女人三阶段》作品集。在世纪之交之际，爱德华·蒙克完成了他的"生命的饰带"组画系列。
晚年经历
1908年秋，他的焦虑变得深刻并在丹尼尔·贾可布逊博士的诊所住院接受治疗。医院里施行的休克疗法改变了他的个性。
1909年爱德华·蒙克回到挪威，更多地表现出对大自然的兴趣，他的作品变得更富于色彩，减少了悲观的成分。在纳粹统治期间，爱德华·蒙克的作品被贴上了"颓废艺术"的标签，从德国的各个美术馆撤了下来。反纳粹主义的爱德华·蒙克来说是很伤心的，因为他把德国看作为他的第二祖国。
1944年1月23日，爱德华·蒙克于奥斯陆附近的艾可利与世长辞。他向奥斯陆捐赠了1000幅油画，15400张版画，4500件素描和水彩画，还有6件雕刻作品。后来为纪念爱德华·蒙克，建造了爱德华·蒙克美术馆。[1]
折叠编辑本段人物生活
爱德华·爱德华·蒙克是画家雅各布·爱德华·蒙克和历史学家彼得·安德烈·爱德华·蒙克的亲戚。母亲劳拉在1868年死于肺结核，母亲死后小爱德华·蒙克由父亲克里斯蒂安·爱德华·蒙克单独抚养。父亲是位医生，笃信基督教。幼年丧母，姐姐被肺病夺去生命，妹妹患精神病，童年时代的不幸对其一生的创作有深刻的影响。[1]
人物影响
历史发展
在当时哲学和美学思潮影响下，他努力发掘人类心灵中的各种状况，表现疾病、死亡、绝望、情爱等主题。因此，他的创作有"心灵的现实主义"的称号。由于受到保守势力的攻击，很快被封闭，但对德国青年画家以很大的刺激，推动了表现主义运动的产生。[1]
思想传播
爱德华·蒙克通过主题来表现他切身经历的对生存和死亡的感受。每一幅画都无与伦比地强烈地传达着画家的感觉和情绪，被描绘的具体对象的细节被简化，而情绪则被夸张，对象本身成为一种所要表现的情绪的载体，虽然它们依然还是具象的。这些画具有永恒的震慑心灵的力量。在这一切的背后，我们还可以看见那个"世纪末"的景象，那种迷途的欲望深渊和无法逃脱的死亡阴影的怪圈，生命的焦躁和无奈交织在一起。爱德华·蒙克作品的惊人表现力量来自于对艺术家内心世界的不加掩饰的忠实表达，爱德华·蒙克的画是用整个心灵来创作的。
主要作品
作品名 年份
Øvre Foss 1880
Small Lake with Boat 1880
Horse and Wagon in front of Farm Buildings 1880
Autumn Work in the Field 1880
Landscape with Woman Walking by a Lake 1880
Landscape with Trees and Water 1880
Autumn in the Forest 1880
Horse and Cart on a Country Road 1880
Still Life with Pipe and Bibles 1880
View from Fossveien 1880-81
View from Fossveien 1881
Winter Landscape with House and Red Sky 1881
Potted Plant on the Window-Sill 1881-82
Potted Plant 1881-82
The Living-Room of the Misses Munch in Pilestredet 61 1881
From Vestre Aker 1881
Hakloa in Maridalen 1881
Maridalsveien in Nydalen 1881
Houses in Maridalen 1881
From Maridalen 1881
Akerselva 1881
Landscape with Woman and Child 1881
Landscape with a Small House and Two People 1881
Landscape with Lake and Forest 1881
From Bunnefjorden 1881
From Sandvika 1881
Man Rowing towards Land 1881
Bay with Boat and House 1881
Man and Woman in Boat 1881
Fisherman by the Water 1881
Christian Munch on the Couch 1881
Christian Munch on the Couch 1881
Study of a Landscape 1881
View of Grüner's Garden 1881
Gamle Aker Church 1881-82
Gamle Aker Church 1881
Gamle Aker Church 1881
Gamle Aker Church 1881
View from Fossveien 7 towards Bergfjerdingen 1881
People on the Road in Wet Snow 1881
Goblin with Christmas Porridge 1881
Still Life with Jar, Apple, Walnut and Coconut 1881
Øvre Foss in Winter 1881-82
Boy in Snow 1881-82
View of the City on a Winter's Day 1882
Self-Portrait 1882
Laura Munch 1882
Laura Munch 1882
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East 1882
View across Olaf Rye's Square 1882
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East 1882
Landscape with Waterfall and House 1882
Evening Atmosphere at Sea 1882
Landscape with a Small Waterfall 1882
Spring Landscape 1882
Stream in Spring 1882
Karen Bjølstad 1882-83
Man's Head with Beard 1882-83
The Errand Boy 1882-84
Garden with Red House 1882
Garden with Red House 1882
By the Garden Table 1882
Akerselva by Slåmotgangen 1882
Inger by the Window 1882
Akerselva by Nedre Foss 1882
Akerselva 1882
Birch Trees with Woman Walking 1882
Birch Trees in the Autumn 1882
From Vestre Aker 1882
Birch Trees and Man Carrying Twigs 1882
Autumn in Vestre Aker 1882
Woman on a Country Lane 1882
Two Boys on a Country Lane 1882
Thorvald Torgersen 1882
Thorvald Torgersen 1882
Head of a Boy 1882
Andreas Reading 1882
Andreas Reading 1882
Andreas Reading 1882
Self-Portrait 1882
Drive at Vaterland 1882
From Saxegårdsgate 1882
Laura Munch 1883
Otto Linthoe 1883
Study of a Man's Head 1883
Study of an Old Man's Head 1883
Head of an Old Man with Beard 1883
Study of an Old Man's Head 1883
Afternoon at Olaf Rye's Square 1883
Street Corner on Karl Johan, Grand Café 1883
Christian Munch on the Couch 1883
Landscape from Asker 1883
Autumn in Asker 1883
Andreas by the Window 1883
Andreas Reading 1883
The Dome of Trinity Church 1883
Study of a Head 1883
Early in the Morning 1883
Andreas Singdahlsen 1883
Hjalmar Borgstrøm 1883
Portrait of a Woman 1883
Karen Bjølstad in the Rocking Chair 1883
Around the Paraffin Lamp 1883
At the Coffee Table 1883
At Supper 1883
The Infirmary at Helgelandsmoen 1884
Fence in the Forest 1884
Two People on the Way to the Forest 1884
Morning 1884
Christian Munch 1884
Portrait Studies 1884
Inger Munch in Black 1884
Street in Winter 1885
Ball 1885
Tête-à-tête 1885
Karl Johan 1885
Girl's Head 1885
Dagny Konow 1885
Study of an Old Man's Head 1885
Fredrik Lidemark 1885
Karl Jensen-Hjell 1885
Klemens Stang 1885
Christian Munch with Pipe 1885
Karen Bjølstad 1885
Jørgen Sørensen 1885
Andreas Munch 1885
Cabaret 1885
The Sickroom 1885
The Sick Child 1885
Red-Haired Girl with White Rat 1886
Girl at the Piano 1886
Self-Portrait 1886
Andreas Munch Studying Anatomy 1886
Afternoon Nap 1886
Boat with Three Boys 1886
Man on the Veranda 1886
From Hisøya near Arendal 1886
Woman and Children in Arendal 1886
Thorvald Torgersen 1886
Puberty 1886
The Day After 1886
Seated Young Girl 1887
Betzy Nilsen 1887
Halvard Stub Holmboe 1887
Jacob Torkildsen 1887
Forest Landscape with Small Lake 1887
Veierland near Tønsberg 1887
Two Men by the Window 1887
Law 1887
Kristiania Bohemians 1887
Self-Portrait 1888
Marius Selmer 1888
Bendix Lange 1888
Beach 1888
The Tønsberg Fjord 1888
On the Pier 1888
Man Binding Fishnet 1888
Karen Bjølstad 1888
Evening 1888
Summer Day on the Pier 1888
Laura and Inger in the Summer Sun 1888
Evening 1888
Inger in Sunshine 1888
At the General Store in Vrengen 1888
Andreas Bjølstad 1888
Aasta Carlsen 1888
Man Standing in the Doorway 1889
Karl Dørnberger 1889
Charlotte Dørnberger 1889
Georg Stang 1889
John Hazeland on his Deathbed 1889
Spring 1889
Hans Jæger 1889
From Karl Johan 1889
Music on Karl Johan 1889
Beach Landscape fromÅsgårdstrand 1889
Beach 1889
From Åsgårdstrand 1889
Beach Landscape 1889
Shore 1889
Summer Night. Inger on the Beach 1889
Summer Evening 1889
Summer 1889
Summer in Åsgårdstrand 1889
Morten Damme's House near Åsgardstrand 1889
Standing Female Nude 1889
A French Tavern (Two Men and a Woman) 1890
The Canal near Paris (with a Small Streamboat) 1890
A Woman (in Half-figure) with Landscape (Returned from Victoria terrasse) 1890
A Small Beach Study 1890
Night in Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
At the Wine Merchant's 1890
In the Bar 1890
In the Café 1890
Norwegian Spring Landscape 1890
Landscape 1890
The Streamboat Arrives 1890
Beach 1890
Spring Day on Karl Johan 1890
Sunny Day in Åsgårdstrand 1890
Garden Path 1890
Woman in Evening Landscape 1890
Landscape 1890
View from Hauketo 1890
View from Hauketo 1890
Landscape 1890
The Absinth Drinkers 1890
Two Children 1890
Under the Palm Trees in Nice 1891
Afternoon on the Promenade des Anglais 1891
Morning on the Promenade des Anglais 1891
Sunny Day in Nice 1891
Rooftops in Nice 1891
Night in Nice 1891
Fisherboy from Nice 1891
Boy's Head 1891
Young Woman in Blue 1891
Young Woman in Blue 1891
Model Scratching her Arm 1891
Rue Lafayette 1891
Rue de Rivoli 1891
Sunday in Åsgardstrand 1891
Young Blond Girl 1891
Summer Evening in Åsgardstrand 1891
In Open Air 1891
Summer 1891
Eroticism on a Summer Evening 1891
Karl Johan in the Rain 1891
Evening. Melancholy 1891
Woman in Blue against Blue Water 1891
Old Fisherman 1891
Pine Forest 1891
Summer Day in the Forest 1891
Forest Landscape 1891
From Nordstrand 1891
Landscape in Moonlight 1891
Woman by the Balustrade 1891
Inger in a White Blouse 1891
no:Jappe Nilssen 1891
Arve Arvesen 1891
Gunnar Heiberg 1891
Helge Rode 1891
Olga Buhre 1891
Alexandra Thaulow 1891
Kiss by the Window 1891
The Day After 1891
展开
Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway 1892
Childhood Memory 1892
Gamblers in Monte Carlo 1892
Gamblers in Monte Carlo 1892
At the Roulette Table in Monte Carlo 1892
Sick Mood at Sunset. Despair 1892
Cypress in Moonlight 1892
Kiss by the Window 1892
The Kiss 1892
The Girl by the Window 1892
Woman Combing her Hair 1892
Woman Looking in the Mirror 1892
After the Bath 1892
From the Riviera 1892
From the Riviera 1892
Moonlight by the Mediterranean 1892
A Pine 1892
Trees by the Mediterranean 1892
From the Riviera 1892
Men Flocking round Women in Light Clothing 1892
Forest 1892
Moonlight on the Beach 1892
Mystery on the Shore 1892
Mystery on the Shore 1892
Two Human Beings. The Lonely Ones 1892
Melancholy 1892
Night in Saint-Cloud 1892
Night in Saint-Cloud 1892-93
Night in Saint-Cloud 1892
Vision 1892
The Water Lillies 1892-93
Evening on Karl Johan 1892
From Nordstrand 1892
On the Veranda 1892
Inger by the Window 1892
Inger in Black and Violet 1892
Seated Young Woman 1892
Autumn Rain 1892
Jakob Bratland 1892
Ludvig Meyer 1892
Thor Lütken 1892
Ragnhild andDagny Juel 1892-93
August Strindberg 1892
Night in Saint-Cloud 1893
The Girl by the Window 1893
Study of a Model 1893
Separation 1893
Woman with Red Hat 1893-94
Symbolic Study 1893-94
Portrait of a Man 1893-94
Woman's head against a red Background 1893-94
Self-Portrait under the Mask of a Woman 1893
Seated Nude and Grotesque Masque 1893
Sunrise in the Harbour 1893-94
Rosa and Amelie 1893
Sunrise in Åsgårdstrand 1893-94
Summer Night 1893
Melancholy 1893
Death at the Helm 1893
Summer Night. Mermaid 1893
Summer Night's Dream. The Voice 1893
Starry Night 1893
Starry Night 1893
Moonlight 1893
House in Moonlight 1893-95
The Storm 1893
Death and Spring 1893
The Angel of Death 1893
By the Deathbed. Fever 1893
Death in the Sickroom 1893
Death in the Sickroom 1893
Death in the Sickroom 1893
Vampire 1893
The Scream 1893
The Scream 1893
Vampire 1893
Vampire 1893
The Hands 1893-94
Dagny Juel Przybyszewska 1893
Helge Bäckström 1893
Minchen Torkildsen 1893
Ragnhild Bäkström 1894
Botho Graf Schwerin 1894
Ebehard von Bodenhausen 1894
Julius Meier-Graefe 1894
Separation 1894
Death and Life 1894
Puberty 1894
Puberty 1894-95
The Day After 1894
Vampire 1894
Selma Fontheim 1894
Selma Fontheim 1894
Nora Mengelberg 1894
Ludvig Meyer's Children 1894
Stanislaw Przybyszewski 1894
Inger in a Red Dress 1894
Bathing Women 1894
Bathers 1894
Bathing Boys 1894
Melancholy 1894
Melancholy 1894-96
Woman. Sphinx 1894
Woman 1894
Anxiety 1894
Despair 1894
Madonna 1894
Madonna 1894-95
Madonna 1895
Madonna 1895-97
Madonna 1895-97
Berlin Model 1895
Cabaret 1895
The Scream 1895
Vampire 1895
The Smell of Death 1895
The Smell of Death 1895
At the Deathbed 1895
Vampire 1895
Ashes 1895
Jealousy 1895
Beach in Åsgårdstrand 1895
Moonlight 1895
Self-Portrait with Cigarette 1895
Stanislaw Przybyszewski 1895
Oscar and Ingeborg Heiberg 1895-96
Half-Nude in a Black Skirt 1896
Study of a Nude 1896
Young Woman Washing herself 1896
Seated Nude against a Red Background 1896
Seated Nude with her Back Turned 1896
The Mermaid 1896
Summer Landscape 1896
The Sick Child 1896
Separation 1896
Summer Night. The Voice 1896
The Girl by the Window 1896-97
Bathing Woman 1896-97
The Kiss 1896-97
Women in a Swimming Pool 1896-97
Paul Herrmann and Paul Contard 1897
The Kiss 1897
The Kiss 1897
Inheritance 1897-99
Women in Hospital 1897
Mother and Daughter 1897-99
Two Women in a Landscape 1897-99
Old Man with a Beard 1897-99
Brothel Scene 1897-99
Hospital Ward 1897-99
Bathing Boys 1897-98
Bathing Boys 1897-99
Bathing Girls 1897-99
Bathing Children 1897-99
Bathing Boys 1897-99
Autumn 1897-98
Marie Helene Holmboe 1898
Female Portrait 1898-99
Dark-Haired Man and Red-Haired Woman 1898-99
Holger Drachmann 1898
Henrik Ibsenat theGrand Café 1898
Study of a Model 1898
Half-Nude in a Blue Skirt 1898
Nude 1898
Nude 1898
Two Women. Symbolic Study 1898
Sitting Nude by the Beach 1898
Man and Woman 1898
Nude in Profile towards the Right 1898
Metabolism 1898-99
Tulla Larsen 1898-99
Tulla Larsen 1898-99
Father and Son 1898
Seated Nude and Three Male Heads 1898-99
Tragedy 1898
Jealousy in the Bath 1898
Beach 1898
The Rainbow 1898
Woman by the Sea in Åsgardstrand 1898
House with Red Virginia Creeper 1898-99
House with Red Virginia Creeper 1898-99
Red Virginia Creeper 1898-1900
The Son 1904
The Coffin is Carried Out 1898-1900
Boulevard in Paris 1898-1900
Winter 1899-1900
Winter in the Woods, Nordstrand 1899
Death and the Child 1899
Death and the Child 1899
Landscape 1899
The Garden 1899
Munch's House and Studio in Åsgardstrand 1899
Munch's House in Åsgårdstrand 1899
Dark Spruce Forest 1899
风格特点
爱德华·蒙克多以生命、死亡、恋爱、恐怖和寂寞等为题材，用对比强烈的 线条、色块、简洁概括夸张的造型，抒发自己的感受和情绪;他的画风是德国和中欧的表现主义形成的前奏。
爱德华·蒙克的早期油画《病孩》、《在灵床旁》、《母亲之死》，多是童年和少年时代生活的回忆。1890年的油画《圣克卢之夜》和1892年的油画《卡尔.约翰街的夜晚》标志着他风格的转折，显示出他表现主义画家的特质。90年代最有代表性的作品是《春情》和《呐喊》，前者描绘人对幽闭的恐惧，后者刻画人对孤独与死亡的恐怖感。他于1894年开始从事版画创作，在木刻、石版、铜版画方面，都有独特的创造。他的版画题材多取自于油画，其中以《生命》组画最为出色，被他自己称为生命、爱和死的诗歌。
在爱德华·蒙克的画家生涯中，他多次曾改变艺术风格。在1880年代，爱德华·蒙克是自然派和半印象派。1892年，爱德华·蒙克树立了具个人特色的综合派原始画风，在此色彩成为一种象征，亦是种具有承载功能的元素。1890年代，爱德华·蒙克倾向选择景深较浅的作画空间，他经常把画中的人物安置在前台。
爱德华·蒙克一直想表现人物的内心的心理状态，出现在他画中的人物呈现了最能表现这种状态的姿势，这种安排让爱德华·蒙克的画带来一种好像人物、空气、记忆、动作和时间在一霎刹那间凝固的感觉，那也许正是人物内心活动达到顶峰的一瞬间。
爱德华·蒙克所画的人物，犹如舞台剧的各个角色，很可能每种特定的姿势就代表一种特定情绪，类似于某种身体语言。由于爱德华·蒙克所画的人物都承担着表现一种特定心理状态的使命，所以他创造的男人和女人不是现实的。爱德华·蒙克坚称，印象派并不适合于自己的艺术。他对描写现实的任意一个断面也不感兴趣，他要描写的是那种充满了情绪内涵的，且具有巨大的传神力的状态。为了达到这个目的，爱德华·蒙克殚精竭虑地构思，他的作品创造了紧张气氛。[2]
人物评价
爱德华·蒙克的作品笔触大胆奔放、色彩艳丽丰富，但却给人强烈的刺激感，充满着紧张不安、压郁悲伤的情绪。爱德华·蒙克所描绘的世界是人类复杂的精神世界，他刻意表现死亡、忧郁和孤独，描写上世纪末的艺术家在充满矛盾与痛苦的现实中，其孤独的心灵对人生产生的怀疑和焦虑。
艺术史家称爱德华·蒙克为"世纪末"的艺术家，因为他的作品反映了欧洲整整一代人的精神生活面貌。在爱德华·蒙克生活的时代，再没有别的艺术能够像他那样深入到人的灵魂之中，把那心灵的美与丑一并展现给世人。也没有人敢于他那样赤裸裸地描写人类本能的丑恶，使善良与罪恶并存，让美丽与丑陋共生。[3]
爱德华·蒙克绘画带有强烈的主观性和悲伤压抑的情调。他对心理苦闷的强烈的，呼唤式的处理手法对20世纪初德国表现主义的成长起了主要的影响，其主要作品有《呐喊》，《生命之舞》，《卡尔约翰街的夜晚》。
人物生平
早年经历
1863年12月12日，爱德华·蒙克出生于挪威雷登在奥斯陆长大。爱德华·蒙克的父亲患有精神病，他向他的孩子们灌输了对地狱的根深蒂固的恐惧，他一再告诉他们, 如果他们在任何情况下、以任何方式犯有罪孽，他们就会注定被投入地狱，没有任何宽恕的机会。
1879年 ，爱德华·蒙克为成为一名工程师而进工学院念书受印象主义画风的影响，然而，频繁的患病中断了他的学业。
1880年，爱德华·蒙克为了成为一名画家而离开工学院。
1881年，爱德华·蒙克考进了奥斯陆皇家艺术和设计学院，他的老师是雕刻家朱利厄斯·米德尔顿和自然主义画家克里斯蒂安·克罗格。
1885年，爱德华·蒙克前往巴黎。他的作品开始显示出法国画家的影响;一开始是印象派，接着是后期印象派，然后是新艺术造型。爱德华·蒙克的绘画尽管风格上是后期印象派的，但在主题上却是象征派的，爱德华·蒙克的绘画内容在于刻画内心世界而不是外在现实。
中年经历
1889年改用传统的画法创作《病孩》变体画《春》，从而获得奖学金去法国留学，从师L.博纳。在法国，他在研究印象主义画法的基础上，转而对后印象主义和纳比派发生兴趣。他发现线条和色彩有强烈的表现力，试图用它们画出活生生的人们，他们的呼吸、感觉、受苦受难并彼此的相爱。
1892年 爱德华·蒙克应邀参加柏林艺术家联盟在11月份举行的画展。爱德华·蒙克的绘画成了苦涩的争论对象，画展在一星期后结束。在柏林，爱德华·蒙克成了一个国际圈子里的一员，里面有作家、艺术家和评论家，包括挪威剧作家亨利·易卜生和瑞典戏剧家奥古斯特·史特林堡。爱德华·蒙克为易卜生的几个剧本设计了布景。
1893年1893年12月，爱德华·蒙克在柏林著名的菩提树下大街开画展。和其它作品一起，爱德华·蒙克出展了题为"爱的研究系列"，由六幅画所组成。这是他此后命名为"生命的饰带 以 生命、爱情和死亡的诗"组画的起点。它包括深深地沉浸于大气的主题《风暴》、《月光》和《星夜》。其它主题有揭示爱的阴暗面的，比如《玫瑰与阿美莉》和《吸血鬼》。《病室里的死亡》则以死亡为主题，基于爱德华·蒙克对姐姐苏菲之死的回忆。
1894年，"生命的饰带"加进了《焦躁》、《灰烬》、《圣母》和《女人三阶段》作品集。在世纪之交之际，爱德华·蒙克完成了他的"生命的饰带"组画系列。
晚年经历
1908年秋，他的焦虑变得深刻并在丹尼尔·贾可布逊博士的诊所住院接受治疗。医院里施行的休克疗法改变了他的个性。
1909年爱德华·蒙克回到挪威，更多地表现出对大自然的兴趣，他的作品变得更富于色彩，减少了悲观的成分。在纳粹统治期间，爱德华·蒙克的作品被贴上了"颓废艺术"的标签，从德国的各个美术馆撤了下来。反纳粹主义的爱德华·蒙克来说是很伤心的，因为他把德国看作为他的第二祖国。
1944年1月23日，爱德华·蒙克于奥斯陆附近的艾可利与世长辞。他向奥斯陆捐赠了1000幅油画，15400张版画，4500件素描和水彩画，还有6件雕刻作品。后来为纪念爱德华·蒙克，建造了爱德华·蒙克美术馆。[1]
折叠编辑本段人物生活
爱德华·爱德华·蒙克是画家雅各布·爱德华·蒙克和历史学家彼得·安德烈·爱德华·蒙克的亲戚。母亲劳拉在1868年死于肺结核，母亲死后小爱德华·蒙克由父亲克里斯蒂安·爱德华·蒙克单独抚养。父亲是位医生，笃信基督教。幼年丧母，姐姐被肺病夺去生命，妹妹患精神病，童年时代的不幸对其一生的创作有深刻的影响。[1]
人物影响
历史发展
在当时哲学和美学思潮影响下，他努力发掘人类心灵中的各种状况，表现疾病、死亡、绝望、情爱等主题。因此，他的创作有"心灵的现实主义"的称号。由于受到保守势力的攻击，很快被封闭，但对德国青年画家以很大的刺激，推动了表现主义运动的产生。[1]
思想传播
爱德华·蒙克通过主题来表现他切身经历的对生存和死亡的感受。每一幅画都无与伦比地强烈地传达着画家的感觉和情绪，被描绘的具体对象的细节被简化，而情绪则被夸张，对象本身成为一种所要表现的情绪的载体，虽然它们依然还是具象的。这些画具有永恒的震慑心灵的力量。在这一切的背后，我们还可以看见那个"世纪末"的景象，那种迷途的欲望深渊和无法逃脱的死亡阴影的怪圈，生命的焦躁和无奈交织在一起。爱德华·蒙克作品的惊人表现力量来自于对艺术家内心世界的不加掩饰的忠实表达，爱德华·蒙克的画是用整个心灵来创作的。
主要作品
作品名 年份
Øvre Foss 1880
Small Lake with Boat 1880
Horse and Wagon in front of Farm Buildings 1880
Autumn Work in the Field 1880
Landscape with Woman Walking by a Lake 1880
Landscape with Trees and Water 1880
Autumn in the Forest 1880
Horse and Cart on a Country Road 1880
Still Life with Pipe and Bibles 1880
View from Fossveien 1880-81
View from Fossveien 1881
Winter Landscape with House and Red Sky 1881
Potted Plant on the Window-Sill 1881-82
Potted Plant 1881-82
The Living-Room of the Misses Munch in Pilestredet 61 1881
From Vestre Aker 1881
Hakloa in Maridalen 1881
Maridalsveien in Nydalen 1881
Houses in Maridalen 1881
From Maridalen 1881
Akerselva 1881
Landscape with Woman and Child 1881
Landscape with a Small House and Two People 1881
Landscape with Lake and Forest 1881
From Bunnefjorden 1881
From Sandvika 1881
Man Rowing towards Land 1881
Bay with Boat and House 1881
Man and Woman in Boat 1881
Fisherman by the Water 1881
Christian Munch on the Couch 1881
Christian Munch on the Couch 1881
Study of a Landscape 1881
View of Grüner's Garden 1881
Gamle Aker Church 1881-82
Gamle Aker Church 1881
Gamle Aker Church 1881
Gamle Aker Church 1881
View from Fossveien 7 towards Bergfjerdingen 1881
People on the Road in Wet Snow 1881
Goblin with Christmas Porridge 1881
Still Life with Jar, Apple, Walnut and Coconut 1881
Øvre Foss in Winter 1881-82
Boy in Snow 1881-82
View of the City on a Winter's Day 1882
Self-Portrait 1882
Laura Munch 1882
Laura Munch 1882
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East 1882
View across Olaf Rye's Square 1882
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East 1882
Landscape with Waterfall and House 1882
Evening Atmosphere at Sea 1882
Landscape with a Small Waterfall 1882
Spring Landscape 1882
Stream in Spring 1882
Karen Bjølstad 1882-83
Man's Head with Beard 1882-83
The Errand Boy 1882-84
Garden with Red House 1882
Garden with Red House 1882
By the Garden Table 1882
Akerselva by Slåmotgangen 1882
Inger by the Window 1882
Akerselva by Nedre Foss 1882
Akerselva 1882
Birch Trees with Woman Walking 1882
Birch Trees in the Autumn 1882
From Vestre Aker 1882
Birch Trees and Man Carrying Twigs 1882
Autumn in Vestre Aker 1882
Woman on a Country Lane 1882
Two Boys on a Country Lane 1882
Thorvald Torgersen 1882
Thorvald Torgersen 1882
Head of a Boy 1882
Andreas Reading 1882
Andreas Reading 1882
Andreas Reading 1882
Self-Portrait 1882
Drive at Vaterland 1882
From Saxegårdsgate 1882
Laura Munch 1883
Otto Linthoe 1883
Study of a Man's Head 1883
Study of an Old Man's Head 1883
Head of an Old Man with Beard 1883
Study of an Old Man's Head 1883
Afternoon at Olaf Rye's Square 1883
Street Corner on Karl Johan, Grand Café 1883
Christian Munch on the Couch 1883
Landscape from Asker 1883
Autumn in Asker 1883
Andreas by the Window 1883
Andreas Reading 1883
The Dome of Trinity Church 1883
Study of a Head 1883
Early in the Morning 1883
Andreas Singdahlsen 1883
Hjalmar Borgstrøm 1883
Portrait of a Woman 1883
Karen Bjølstad in the Rocking Chair 1883
Around the Paraffin Lamp 1883
At the Coffee Table 1883
At Supper 1883
The Infirmary at Helgelandsmoen 1884
Fence in the Forest 1884
Two People on the Way to the Forest 1884
Morning 1884
Christian Munch 1884
Portrait Studies 1884
Inger Munch in Black 1884
Street in Winter 1885
Ball 1885
Tête-à-tête 1885
Karl Johan 1885
Girl's Head 1885
Dagny Konow 1885
Study of an Old Man's Head 1885
Fredrik Lidemark 1885
Karl Jensen-Hjell 1885
Klemens Stang 1885
Christian Munch with Pipe 1885
Karen Bjølstad 1885
Jørgen Sørensen 1885
Andreas Munch 1885
Cabaret 1885
The Sickroom 1885
The Sick Child 1885
Red-Haired Girl with White Rat 1886
Girl at the Piano 1886
Self-Portrait 1886
Andreas Munch Studying Anatomy 1886
Afternoon Nap 1886
Boat with Three Boys 1886
Man on the Veranda 1886
From Hisøya near Arendal 1886
Woman and Children in Arendal 1886
Thorvald Torgersen 1886
Puberty 1886
The Day After 1886
Seated Young Girl 1887
Betzy Nilsen 1887
Halvard Stub Holmboe 1887
Jacob Torkildsen 1887
Forest Landscape with Small Lake 1887
Veierland near Tønsberg 1887
Two Men by the Window 1887
Law 1887
Kristiania Bohemians 1887
Self-Portrait 1888
Marius Selmer 1888
Bendix Lange 1888
Beach 1888
The Tønsberg Fjord 1888
On the Pier 1888
Man Binding Fishnet 1888
Karen Bjølstad 1888
Evening 1888
Summer Day on the Pier 1888
Laura and Inger in the Summer Sun 1888
Evening 1888
Inger in Sunshine 1888
At the General Store in Vrengen 1888
Andreas Bjølstad 1888
Aasta Carlsen 1888
Man Standing in the Doorway 1889
Karl Dørnberger 1889
Charlotte Dørnberger 1889
Georg Stang 1889
John Hazeland on his Deathbed 1889
Spring 1889
Hans Jæger 1889
From Karl Johan 1889
Music on Karl Johan 1889
Beach Landscape fromÅsgårdstrand 1889
Beach 1889
From Åsgårdstrand 1889
Beach Landscape 1889
Shore 1889
Summer Night. Inger on the Beach 1889
Summer Evening 1889
Summer 1889
Summer in Åsgårdstrand 1889
Morten Damme's House near Åsgardstrand 1889
Standing Female Nude 1889
A French Tavern (Two Men and a Woman) 1890
The Canal near Paris (with a Small Streamboat) 1890
A Woman (in Half-figure) with Landscape (Returned from Victoria terrasse) 1890
A Small Beach Study 1890
Night in Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
At the Wine Merchant's 1890
In the Bar 1890
In the Café 1890
Norwegian Spring Landscape 1890
Landscape 1890
The Streamboat Arrives 1890
Beach 1890
Spring Day on Karl Johan 1890
Sunny Day in Åsgårdstrand 1890
Garden Path 1890
Woman in Evening Landscape 1890
Landscape 1890
View from Hauketo 1890
View from Hauketo 1890
Landscape 1890
The Absinth Drinkers 1890
Two Children 1890
Under the Palm Trees in Nice 1891
Afternoon on the Promenade des Anglais 1891
Morning on the Promenade des Anglais 1891
Sunny Day in Nice 1891
Rooftops in Nice 1891
Night in Nice 1891
Fisherboy from Nice 1891
Boy's Head 1891
Young Woman in Blue 1891
Young Woman in Blue 1891
Model Scratching her Arm 1891
Rue Lafayette 1891
Rue de Rivoli 1891
Sunday in Åsgardstrand 1891
Young Blond Girl 1891
Summer Evening in Åsgardstrand 1891
In Open Air 1891
Summer 1891
Eroticism on a Summer Evening 1891
Karl Johan in the Rain 1891
Evening. Melancholy 1891
Woman in Blue against Blue Water 1891
Old Fisherman 1891
Pine Forest 1891
Summer Day in the Forest 1891
Forest Landscape 1891
From Nordstrand 1891
Landscape in Moonlight 1891
Woman by the Balustrade 1891
Inger in a White Blouse 1891
no:Jappe Nilssen 1891
Arve Arvesen 1891
Gunnar Heiberg 1891
Helge Rode 1891
Olga Buhre 1891
Alexandra Thaulow 1891
Kiss by the Window 1891
The Day After 1891
展开
Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway 1892
Childhood Memory 1892
Gamblers in Monte Carlo 1892
Gamblers in Monte Carlo 1892
At the Roulette Table in Monte Carlo 1892
Sick Mood at Sunset. Despair 1892
Cypress in Moonlight 1892
Kiss by the Window 1892
The Kiss 1892
The Girl by the Window 1892
Woman Combing her Hair 1892
Woman Looking in the Mirror 1892
After the Bath 1892
From the Riviera 1892
From the Riviera 1892
Moonlight by the Mediterranean 1892
A Pine 1892
Trees by the Mediterranean 1892
From the Riviera 1892
Men Flocking round Women in Light Clothing 1892
Forest 1892
Moonlight on the Beach 1892
Mystery on the Shore 1892
Mystery on the Shore 1892
Two Human Beings. The Lonely Ones 1892
Melancholy 1892
Night in Saint-Cloud 1892
Night in Saint-Cloud 1892-93
Night in Saint-Cloud 1892
Vision 1892
The Water Lillies 1892-93
Evening on Karl Johan 1892
From Nordstrand 1892
On the Veranda 1892
Inger by the Window 1892
Inger in Black and Violet 1892
Seated Young Woman 1892
Autumn Rain 1892
Jakob Bratland 1892
Ludvig Meyer 1892
Thor Lütken 1892
Ragnhild andDagny Juel 1892-93
August Strindberg 1892
Night in Saint-Cloud 1893
The Girl by the Window 1893
Study of a Model 1893
Separation 1893
Woman with Red Hat 1893-94
Symbolic Study 1893-94
Portrait of a Man 1893-94
Woman's head against a red Background 1893-94
Self-Portrait under the Mask of a Woman 1893
Seated Nude and Grotesque Masque 1893
Sunrise in the Harbour 1893-94
Rosa and Amelie 1893
Sunrise in Åsgårdstrand 1893-94
Summer Night 1893
Melancholy 1893
Death at the Helm 1893
Summer Night. Mermaid 1893
Summer Night's Dream. The Voice 1893
Starry Night 1893
Starry Night 1893
Moonlight 1893
House in Moonlight 1893-95
The Storm 1893
Death and Spring 1893
The Angel of Death 1893
By the Deathbed. Fever 1893
Death in the Sickroom 1893
Death in the Sickroom 1893
Death in the Sickroom 1893
Vampire 1893
The Scream 1893
The Scream 1893
Vampire 1893
Vampire 1893
The Hands 1893-94
Dagny Juel Przybyszewska 1893
Helge Bäckström 1893
Minchen Torkildsen 1893
Ragnhild Bäkström 1894
Botho Graf Schwerin 1894
Ebehard von Bodenhausen 1894
Julius Meier-Graefe 1894
Separation 1894
Death and Life 1894
Puberty 1894
Puberty 1894-95
The Day After 1894
Vampire 1894
Selma Fontheim 1894
Selma Fontheim 1894
Nora Mengelberg 1894
Ludvig Meyer's Children 1894
Stanislaw Przybyszewski 1894
Inger in a Red Dress 1894
Bathing Women 1894
Bathers 1894
Bathing Boys 1894
Melancholy 1894
Melancholy 1894-96
Woman. Sphinx 1894
Woman 1894
Anxiety 1894
Despair 1894
Madonna 1894
Madonna 1894-95
Madonna 1895
Madonna 1895-97
Madonna 1895-97
Berlin Model 1895
Cabaret 1895
The Scream 1895
Vampire 1895
The Smell of Death 1895
The Smell of Death 1895
At the Deathbed 1895
Vampire 1895
Ashes 1895
Jealousy 1895
Beach in Åsgårdstrand 1895
Moonlight 1895
Self-Portrait with Cigarette 1895
Stanislaw Przybyszewski 1895
Oscar and Ingeborg Heiberg 1895-96
Half-Nude in a Black Skirt 1896
Study of a Nude 1896
Young Woman Washing herself 1896
Seated Nude against a Red Background 1896
Seated Nude with her Back Turned 1896
The Mermaid 1896
Summer Landscape 1896
The Sick Child 1896
Separation 1896
Summer Night. The Voice 1896
The Girl by the Window 1896-97
Bathing Woman 1896-97
The Kiss 1896-97
Women in a Swimming Pool 1896-97
Paul Herrmann and Paul Contard 1897
The Kiss 1897
The Kiss 1897
Inheritance 1897-99
Women in Hospital 1897
Mother and Daughter 1897-99
Two Women in a Landscape 1897-99
Old Man with a Beard 1897-99
Brothel Scene 1897-99
Hospital Ward 1897-99
Bathing Boys 1897-98
Bathing Boys 1897-99
Bathing Girls 1897-99
Bathing Children 1897-99
Bathing Boys 1897-99
Autumn 1897-98
Marie Helene Holmboe 1898
Female Portrait 1898-99
Dark-Haired Man and Red-Haired Woman 1898-99
Holger Drachmann 1898
Henrik Ibsenat theGrand Café 1898
Study of a Model 1898
Half-Nude in a Blue Skirt 1898
Nude 1898
Nude 1898
Two Women. Symbolic Study 1898
Sitting Nude by the Beach 1898
Man and Woman 1898
Nude in Profile towards the Right 1898
Metabolism 1898-99
Tulla Larsen 1898-99
Tulla Larsen 1898-99
Father and Son 1898
Seated Nude and Three Male Heads 1898-99
Tragedy 1898
Jealousy in the Bath 1898
Beach 1898
The Rainbow 1898
Woman by the Sea in Åsgardstrand 1898
House with Red Virginia Creeper 1898-99
House with Red Virginia Creeper 1898-99
Red Virginia Creeper 1898-1900
The Son 1904
The Coffin is Carried Out 1898-1900
Boulevard in Paris 1898-1900
Winter 1899-1900
Winter in the Woods, Nordstrand 1899
Death and the Child 1899
Death and the Child 1899
Landscape 1899
The Garden 1899
Munch's House and Studio in Åsgardstrand 1899
Munch's House in Åsgårdstrand 1899
Dark Spruce Forest 1899
风格特点
爱德华·蒙克多以生命、死亡、恋爱、恐怖和寂寞等为题材，用对比强烈的 线条、色块、简洁概括夸张的造型，抒发自己的感受和情绪;他的画风是德国和中欧的表现主义形成的前奏。
爱德华·蒙克的早期油画《病孩》、《在灵床旁》、《母亲之死》，多是童年和少年时代生活的回忆。1890年的油画《圣克卢之夜》和1892年的油画《卡尔.约翰街的夜晚》标志着他风格的转折，显示出他表现主义画家的特质。90年代最有代表性的作品是《春情》和《呐喊》，前者描绘人对幽闭的恐惧，后者刻画人对孤独与死亡的恐怖感。他于1894年开始从事版画创作，在木刻、石版、铜版画方面，都有独特的创造。他的版画题材多取自于油画，其中以《生命》组画最为出色，被他自己称为生命、爱和死的诗歌。
在爱德华·蒙克的画家生涯中，他多次曾改变艺术风格。在1880年代，爱德华·蒙克是自然派和半印象派。1892年，爱德华·蒙克树立了具个人特色的综合派原始画风，在此色彩成为一种象征，亦是种具有承载功能的元素。1890年代，爱德华·蒙克倾向选择景深较浅的作画空间，他经常把画中的人物安置在前台。
爱德华·蒙克一直想表现人物的内心的心理状态，出现在他画中的人物呈现了最能表现这种状态的姿势，这种安排让爱德华·蒙克的画带来一种好像人物、空气、记忆、动作和时间在一霎刹那间凝固的感觉，那也许正是人物内心活动达到顶峰的一瞬间。
爱德华·蒙克所画的人物，犹如舞台剧的各个角色，很可能每种特定的姿势就代表一种特定情绪，类似于某种身体语言。由于爱德华·蒙克所画的人物都承担着表现一种特定心理状态的使命，所以他创造的男人和女人不是现实的。爱德华·蒙克坚称，印象派并不适合于自己的艺术。他对描写现实的任意一个断面也不感兴趣，他要描写的是那种充满了情绪内涵的，且具有巨大的传神力的状态。为了达到这个目的，爱德华·蒙克殚精竭虑地构思，他的作品创造了紧张气氛。[2]
人物评价
爱德华·蒙克的作品笔触大胆奔放、色彩艳丽丰富，但却给人强烈的刺激感，充满着紧张不安、压郁悲伤的情绪。爱德华·蒙克所描绘的世界是人类复杂的精神世界，他刻意表现死亡、忧郁和孤独，描写上世纪末的艺术家在充满矛盾与痛苦的现实中，其孤独的心灵对人生产生的怀疑和焦虑。
艺术史家称爱德华·蒙克为"世纪末"的艺术家，因为他的作品反映了欧洲整整一代人的精神生活面貌。在爱德华·蒙克生活的时代，再没有别的艺术能够像他那样深入到人的灵魂之中，把那心灵的美与丑一并展现给世人。也没有人敢于他那样赤裸裸地描写人类本能的丑恶，使善良与罪恶并存，让美丽与丑陋共生。[3]