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蒙克
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1863年12月12日,爱德华·蒙克出生于挪威雷登在奥斯陆长大。爱德华·蒙克的父亲患有精神病,他向他的孩子们灌输了对地狱的根深蒂固的恐惧,他一再告诉他们, 如果他们在任何情况下、以任何方式犯有罪孽,他们就会注定被投入地狱,没有任何宽恕的机会。
1879年 ,爱德华·蒙克为成为一名工程师而进工学院念书受印象主义画风的影响,然而,频繁的患病中断了他的学业。
1880年,爱德华·蒙克 为了 [[File:Taiyang.jpg|缩略图]] 成为一名画家而离开工学院。
1881年,爱德华·蒙克考进了 [[ 奥斯陆皇家艺术和设计学院 ]] ,他的老师是雕刻家 [[ 朱利厄斯·米德尔顿 ]] 和 [[ 自然主义 ]] 画家 [[ 克里斯蒂安·克罗格 ]] 。
1885年,爱德华·蒙克前往巴黎。他的作品开始显示出法国画家的影响;一开始是印象派,接着是后期印象派,然后是新艺术造型。爱德华·蒙克的绘画尽管风格上是后期印象派的,但在主题上却是象征派的,爱德华·蒙克的绘画内容在于刻画内心世界而不是外在现实。
1892年 爱德华·蒙克应邀参加[[柏林艺术家联盟]]在11月份举行的画展。爱德华·蒙克的绘画成了苦涩的争论对象,画展在一星期后结束。在柏林,爱德华·蒙克成了一个国际圈子里的一员,里面有作家、艺术家和评论家,包括[[挪威]][[剧作家]][[亨利·易卜生]]和[[瑞典]]戏剧家[[奥古斯特·史特林堡]]。爱德华·蒙克为易卜生的几个剧本设计了布景。 1893年1893年12月,爱德华·蒙克在柏林著名的 [[ 菩提树下大街 ]] 开画展。和其它作品一起,爱德华·蒙克出展了题为"爱的研究系列",由六幅画所组成。这是他此后命名为"生命的饰带 以 生命、爱情和死亡的诗"组画的起点。它包括深深地沉浸于大气的主题《风暴》、《月光》和《星夜》。其它主题有揭示爱的阴暗面的,比如《玫瑰与阿美莉》和《吸血鬼》。《病室里的死亡》则以死亡为主题,基于爱德华·蒙克对姐姐苏菲之死的回忆。
1894年,"生命的饰带"加进了《焦躁》、《灰烬》、《圣母》和《女人三阶段》作品集。在世纪之交之际,爱德华·蒙克完成了他的"生命的饰带"组画系列。
爱德华·爱德华·蒙克是画家[[雅各布·爱德华·蒙克]]和[[历史学家]][[彼得·安德烈·爱德华·蒙克]]的亲戚。母亲劳拉在1868年死于肺结核,母亲死后小爱德华·蒙克由父亲克里斯蒂安·爱德华·蒙克单独抚养。父亲是位医生,笃信[[基督教]]。幼年丧母,姐姐被肺病夺去生命,妹妹患精神病,童年时代的不幸对其一生的创作有深刻的影响。[1] == '''人物影响''' == ''' 历史发展'''
在当时哲学和美学思潮影响下,他努力发掘人类心灵中的各种状况,表现疾病、死亡、绝望、情爱等主题。因此,他的创作有"心灵的现实主义"的称号。由于受到保守势力的攻击,很快被封闭,但对德国青年画家以很大的刺激,推动了表现主义运动的产生。[1]
爱德华·蒙克通过主题来表现他切身经历的对生存和死亡的感受。每一幅画都无与伦比地强烈地传达着画家的感觉和情绪,被描绘的具体对象的细节被简化,而情绪则被夸张,对象本身成为一种所要表现的情绪的载体,虽然它们依然还是具象的。这些画具有永恒的震慑心灵的力量。在这一切的背后,我们还可以看见那个"世纪末"的景象,那种迷途的欲望深渊和无法逃脱的死亡阴影的怪圈,生命的焦躁和无奈交织在一起。爱德华·蒙克作品的惊人表现力量来自于对艺术家内心世界的不加掩饰的忠实表达,爱德华·蒙克的画是用整个心灵来创作的。
View from Fossveien 7 towards Bergfjerdingen 1881
People on the Road in Wet Snow 1881 Goblin with Christmas Porridge 1881
Still Life with Jar, Apple, Walnut and Coconut 1881
Øvre Foss in Winter 1881-82 Boy in Snow 1881-82 View of the City on a Winter's Day 1882 Self-Portrait 1882 Laura Munch 1882 Laura Munch 1882
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East 1882
View across Olaf Rye's Square 1882
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East 1882
Landscape with Waterfall and House 1882
Evening Atmosphere at Sea 1882
Landscape with a Small Waterfall 1882
Spring Landscape 1882 Stream in Spring 1882 Karen Bjølstad 1882-83 Man's Head with Beard 1882-83 The Errand Boy 1882-84 Garden with Red House 1882 Garden with Red House 1882 By the Garden Table 1882 Akerselva by Slåmotgangen 1882 Inger by the Window 1882 Akerselva by Nedre Foss 1882 Akerselva 1882 Birch Trees with Woman Walking 1882 Birch Trees in the Autumn 1882 From Vestre Aker 1882
Birch Trees and Man Carrying Twigs 1882
Autumn in Vestre Aker 1882 Woman on a Country Lane 1882 Two Boys on a Country Lane 1882 Thorvald Torgersen 1882 Thorvald Torgersen 1882 Head of a Boy 1882 Andreas Reading 1882 Andreas Reading 1882 Andreas Reading 1882 Self-Portrait 1882 Drive at Vaterland 1882 From Saxegårdsgate 1882 Laura Munch 1883 Otto Linthoe 1883 Study of a Man's Head 1883 Study of an Old Man's Head 1883 Head of an Old Man with Beard 1883 Study of an Old Man's Head 1883 Afternoon at Olaf Rye's Square 1883
Street Corner on Karl Johan, Grand Café 1883
Christian Munch on the Couch 1883 Landscape from Asker 1883 Autumn in Asker 1883 Andreas by the Window 1883 Andreas Reading 1883 The Dome of Trinity Church 1883 Study of a Head 1883 Early in the Morning 1883 Andreas Singdahlsen 1883 Hjalmar Borgstrøm 1883 Portrait of a Woman 1883
Karen Bjølstad in the Rocking Chair 1883
Around the Paraffin Lamp 1883 At the Coffee Table 1883 At Supper 1883 The Infirmary at Helgelandsmoen 1884 Fence in the Forest 1884
Two People on the Way to the Forest 1884
Morning 1884 Christian Munch 1884 Portrait Studies 1884 Inger Munch in Black 1884 Street in Winter 1885 Ball 1885 Tête-à-tête 1885 Karl Johan 1885 Girl's Head 1885 Dagny Konow 1885 Study of an Old Man's Head 1885 Fredrik Lidemark 1885 Karl Jensen-Hjell 1885 Klemens Stang 1885 Christian Munch with Pipe 1885 Karen Bjølstad 1885 Jørgen Sørensen 1885 Andreas Munch 1885 Cabaret 1885 The Sickroom 1885 The Sick Child 1885 Red-Haired Girl with White Rat 1886 Girl at the Piano 1886 Self-Portrait 1886 Andreas Munch Studying Anatomy 1886 Afternoon Nap 1886 Boat with Three Boys 1886 Man on the Veranda 1886 From Hisøya near Arendal 1886 Woman and Children in Arendal 1886 Thorvald Torgersen 1886 Puberty 1886 The Day After 1886 Seated Young Girl 1887 Betzy Nilsen 1887 Halvard Stub Holmboe 1887 Jacob Torkildsen 1887
Forest Landscape with Small Lake 1887
Veierland near Tønsberg 1887 Two Men by the Window 1887 Law 1887 Kristiania Bohemians 1887 Self-Portrait 1888 Marius Selmer 1888 Bendix Lange 1888 Beach 1888 The Tønsberg Fjord 1888 On the Pier 1888 Man Binding Fishnet 1888 Karen Bjølstad 1888 Evening 1888 Summer Day on the Pier 1888
Laura and Inger in the Summer Sun 1888
Evening 1888 Inger in Sunshine 1888 At the General Store in Vrengen 1888 Andreas Bjølstad 1888 Aasta Carlsen 1888 Man Standing in the Doorway 1889 Karl Dørnberger 1889 Charlotte Dørnberger 1889 Georg Stang 1889 John Hazeland on his Deathbed 1889 Spring 1889 Hans Jæger 1889 From Karl Johan 1889 Music on Karl Johan 1889
Beach Landscape fromÅsgårdstrand 1889
Beach 1889 From Åsgårdstrand 1889 Beach Landscape 1889 Shore 1889
Summer Night. Inger on the Beach 1889
Summer Evening 1889 Summer 1889 Summer in Åsgårdstrand 1889 Morten Damme's House near Åsgardstrand 1889 Standing Female Nude 1889 A French Tavern (Two Men and a Woman) 1890 The Canal near Paris (with a Small Streamboat) 1890
A Woman (in Half-figure) with Landscape (Returned from Victoria terrasse) 1890
A Small Beach Study 1890 Night in Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
The Seine at Saint-Cloud 1890
At the Wine Merchant's 1890 In the Bar 1890 In the Café 1890
Norwegian Spring Landscape 1890
Landscape 1890 The Streamboat Arrives 1890 Beach 1890
Spring Day on Karl Johan 1890
Sunny Day in Åsgårdstrand 1890
Garden Path 1890
Woman in Evening Landscape 1890
Landscape 1890 View from Hauketo 1890 View from Hauketo 1890 Landscape 1890 The Absinth Drinkers 1890 Two Children 1890 Under the Palm Trees in Nice 1891
Afternoon on the Promenade des Anglais 1891
Morning on the Promenade des Anglais 1891
Sunny Day in Nice 1891 Rooftops in Nice 1891 Night in Nice 1891 Fisherboy from Nice 1891 Boy's Head 1891 Young Woman in Blue 1891 Young Woman in Blue 1891 Model Scratching her Arm 1891 Rue Lafayette 1891 Rue de Rivoli 1891 Sunday in Åsgardstrand 1891 Young Blond Girl 1891 Summer Evening in Åsgardstrand 1891 In Open Air 1891 Summer 1891 Eroticism on a Summer Evening 1891 Karl Johan in the Rain 1891 Evening. Melancholy 1891 Woman in Blue against Blue Water 1891 Old Fisherman 1891 Pine Forest 1891 Summer Day in the Forest 1891 Forest Landscape 1891From Nordstrand 1891Landscape in Moonlight 1891 Woman by the Balustrade 1891 Inger in a White Blouse 1891 no:Jappe Nilssen 1891 Arve Arvesen 1891 Gunnar Heiberg 1891 Helge Rode 1891 Olga Buhre 1891 Alexandra Thaulow 1891 Kiss by the Window 1891 The Day After 1891展开 Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway 1892Childhood Memory 1892Gamblers in Monte Carlo 1892Gamblers in Monte Carlo 1892At the Roulette Table in Monte Carlo 1892Sick Mood at Sunset. Despair 1892Cypress in Moonlight 1892Kiss by the Window 1892The Kiss 1892The Girl by the Window 1892Woman Combing her Hair 1892Woman Looking in the Mirror 1892After the Bath 1892From the Riviera 1892From the Riviera 1892Moonlight by the Mediterranean 1892A Pine 1892Trees by the Mediterranean 1892From the Riviera 1892
Men Flocking round Women in Light Clothing 1892
Forest 1892Moonlight on the Beach 1892Mystery on the Shore 1892Mystery on the Shore 1892Two Human Beings. The Lonely Ones 1892Melancholy 1892Night in Saint-Cloud 1892Night in Saint-Cloud 1892-93Night in Saint-Cloud 1892Vision 1892The Water Lillies 1892-93Evening on Karl Johan 1892From Nordstrand 1892On the Veranda 1892Inger by the Window 1892Inger in Black and Violet 1892Seated Young Woman 1892Autumn Rain 1892Jakob Bratland 1892Ludvig Meyer 1892Thor Lütken 1892Ragnhild andDagny Juel 1892-93August Strindberg 1892Night in Saint-Cloud 1893The Girl by the Window 1893Study of a Model 1893Separation 1893Woman with Red Hat 1893-94Symbolic Study 1893-94Portrait of a Man 1893-94Woman's head against a red Background 1893-94Self-Portrait under the Mask of a Woman 1893Seated Nude and Grotesque Masque 1893Sunrise in the Harbour 1893-94Rosa and Amelie 1893Sunrise in Åsgårdstrand 1893-94Summer Night 1893Melancholy 1893Death at the Helm 1893Summer Night. Mermaid 1893Summer Night's Dream. The Voice 1893Starry Night 1893Starry Night 1893Moonlight 1893House in Moonlight 1893-95The Storm 1893Death and Spring 1893The Angel of Death 1893By the Deathbed. Fever 1893Death in the Sickroom 1893Death in the Sickroom 1893Death in the Sickroom 1893Vampire 1893The Scream 1893The Scream 1893Vampire 1893Vampire 1893The Hands 1893-94Dagny Juel Przybyszewska 1893Helge Bäckström 1893
Minchen Torkildsen 1893
Ragnhild Bäkström 1894
Ebehard von Bodenhausen 1894
Julius Meier-Graefe 1894
Separation 1894Death and Life 1894Puberty 1894Puberty 1894-95The Day After 1894Vampire 1894Selma Fontheim 1894Selma Fontheim 1894Nora Mengelberg 1894
Ludvig Meyer's Children 1894
Stanislaw Przybyszewski 1894
Inger in a Red Dress 1894
Bathing Women 1894Bathers 1894Bathing Boys 1894Melancholy 1894Melancholy 1894-96Woman. Sphinx 1894
Woman 1894
Anxiety 1894
Dark Spruce Forest 1899
在爱德华·蒙克的画家生涯中,他多次曾改变艺术风格。在1880年代,爱德华·蒙克是 [[ 自然派 ]] 和 [[ 半印象派 ]] 。1892年,爱德华·蒙克树立了具个人特色的综合派原始画风,在此色彩成为一种象征,亦是种具有承载功能的元素。1890年代,爱德华·蒙克倾向选择景深较浅的作画空间,他经常把画中的人物安置在前台。
爱德华·蒙克一直想表现人物的内心的心理状态,出现在他画中的人物呈现了最能表现这种状态的姿势,这种安排让爱德华·蒙克的画带来一种好像人物、空气、记忆、动作和时间在一霎刹那间凝固的感觉,那也许正是人物内心活动达到顶峰的一瞬间。
爱德华·蒙克所画的人物,犹如舞台剧的各个角色,很可能每种特定的姿势就代表一种特定情绪,类似于某种身体语言。由于爱德华·蒙克所画的人物都承担着表现一种特定心理状态的使命,所以他创造的男人和女人不是现实的。爱德华·蒙克坚称,印象派并不适合于自己的艺术。他对描写现实的任意一个断面也不感兴趣,他要描写的是那种充满了情绪内涵的,且具有巨大的传神力的状态。为了达到这个目的,爱德华·蒙克殚精竭虑地构思,他的作品创造了紧张气氛。[2]
爱德华·蒙克的作品笔触大胆奔放、色彩艳丽丰富,但却给人强烈的刺激感,充满着紧张不安、压郁悲伤的情绪。爱德华·蒙克所描绘的世界是人类复杂的精神世界,他刻意表现死亡、忧郁和孤独,描写上世纪末的艺术家在充满矛盾与痛苦的现实中,其孤独的心灵对人生产生的怀疑和焦虑。
艺术史家称爱德华·蒙克为" [[ 世纪末]]"的艺术家,因为他的作品反映了欧洲整整一代人的精神生活面貌。在爱德华·蒙克生活的时代,再没有别的艺术能够像他那样深入到人的灵魂之中,把那心灵的美与丑一并展现给世人。也没有人敢于他那样赤裸裸地描写人类本能的丑恶,使善良与罪恶并存,让美丽与丑陋共生。[3] == '''参考资料''': == 1. 爱德华·蒙克英文详细资料简介 . .Artisoo Oil Painting2. 回顾蒙克往昔作品 纪念蒙克诞辰150周年 . .观察者网3. 挪威伟大的艺术家:爱德华·蒙克 . .中原经济网