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缅甸云杉

移除 1,391 位元組, 4 年前
無編輯摘要
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|[[File:喜马拉雅云 杉1杉2.jpg|缩略图|居中|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/63FBDE8EA43C851F202AF7F0640D113E.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/Picea%20spinulosa?t=p 来自植物智]]]
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或松柏纲(Pinopsida)
目 ::松柏目(Pinales)   或松杉目(Pinales)
科 ::[[松科]](Pinaceae)
|}
'''缅甸云杉'''(miǎn diàn yún shān,学名 '''Picea farreri''' C. N. Page & Rushforth )是[[松科]],[[云杉属]]的一种植物。 乔木,35米高; 树皮浅灰色,有鳞; 树冠开阔,宽圆锥状;雄球花圆锥状圆筒状, 产于[[ 西藏云南省]] 西 ([[亚东]]、[[吉隆]]等地) 拔2900拔2400-3600 2700 米地带。[[ 不丹]]、[[锡金]]、[[尼泊尔缅甸]]也有分布。
<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/%CF%B2%C2%ED%C0%AD%D1%C5%D4%C6%C9%BC 喜马拉雅云杉], 植物智, 2020-01-18</ref>
==缅甸云杉形态特征==
[[File:喜马拉雅云杉2.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/202AF7F0640D113E.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/Picea%20spinulosa?t=p 来自植物智]]] 乔木 ,35米 达60米 树皮 粗糙 浅灰色 裂成近方形的 状裂片;小枝细长 ; 树冠开阔 下垂,一年生枝淡褐黄色,无毛,二年生枝灰色;冬芽卵圆形或 圆锥状 卵圆形,褐色。 [[File:喜马拉雅云杉3.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/C3C771C0307FE240.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/Picea%20spinulosa?t=p 来自植物智]]] [[File:喜马拉雅云杉4.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/85D8BD8B45E4B13A.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/Picea%20spinulosa?t=p 来自植物智]]] 叶辐射伸 分枝平 ,在小枝上面向前覆叠排列, 的或稍 面及两侧之叶列成不规则两列 条形,两面有棱脊,横切面扁四棱形,稍弯或直,长1.5-3.5厘米,宽1.l-1.8毫米 纤细 ;  先端微钝或微尖,上面有2条白粉带,每带有5-7条气孔线, 小枝陡峭 面光绿色 无气孔线,或极少 最后 叶有1-3条不完整的气孔线。球果矩圆状圆柱形或圆柱形,成熟前背面露出部分绿色,边缘紫色,成熟时褐色或深褐色,长9-11厘米,径宽3-4.5厘米 强烈下垂 ;  种鳞排列紧密,质地厚,蚌壳、状,近、圆形,中上部圆,下部渐窄,长约2厘米,宽约1.8厘米,鳞背露出部分光滑,无纵槽纹;种子长约5毫米,暗褐 第1 和2年小枝橄榄去浅橙棕 色, 种翅淡褐色,长1.1-1.5厘米 最初短柔毛 宽约5毫米,有光泽。  化石标本为球果、种鳞、枝条和针叶 后脱落 痕迹。球果圆柱形,长 6.5 cm,宽 2.5 cm。种鳞倒 卵形,多数长 1.6 cm 左右,宽 1.2 cm(个别长 1.0 cm,宽 0.7 cm),顶端钝圆,基部有种子痕 迹。腹面具明显而清楚 条纹。叶条形,长 1.9~2.3 cm,宽 1.0~1.3 mm,顶部突尖,叶顶钝 或微尖、有时在叶子中间可清楚见到一段脊(《中国新生代植物》编写组,1978) 棕色
==分类文献==Picea spinulosa 小枝的上面边上的向前指导的叶(但不是贴伏), 稍向前指导在下部边, 蓝色绿色的具轻微的蜡被, (Griff1.5-) Henry in Gard. Chron. ser. 3. 39. 219. 1906; Beissn. in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 15: 83. 1906, et Handb. Nadelh. ed1. 8-2. 287. 1909, Beissn. u. Fitsch. ibidem ed. 3. 282. 1930; Clinton(-Baker, Illustr. Conif. 2: 50. cum tab. 1909; Elwes and Henry, Trees Great Brit. and Irel. 6: 1366. 1912; Troup, Silv. Indian Trees 3: 1154. 1921; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs 50. 1927, ed. 2. 31. 1940, et Bibliogr. 28. 1949; Lacassagne in Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse II, 3(15): 238. 1934; 郝景盛, 厘米,扁平,与被适合长度 国裸子植物志 88. 1945, 再版75. 1951; Dallimore and Jackson, Handb. Conif. ed. 3. 439. 1948, rev. Harrison, Handb. Conif. and Ginkgo. ed. 4. 381. 1966; 郑万钧等, 植物分类学报 13(4): 66. 1975. ——Abies spinulosa Griff. in Journ. Travels 259. 1847, et Icon. Pl. Asiat. 4: t. 363. 1854. ——Picea alcockiana Carr. var. morindoides Mott. Conif. Taxac. 273. 1902, nom nud. ——Picea morindoides Rehd. in Sarg. Trees and. Shrubs 2: 95. t. 48. 1903; Mast. in Gard. Chron. ser. 3. 39: 132. 218. 274. f. 84. 113. 1906, ibidem 41: 388. 1907; Stapf in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 133: t. 8168. 1907.大多数人站在一起相似;
Abies spinulosa Griffith, J雄球花圆锥状圆筒状,约厘米 * 约3毫米球果无梗或非常短的pedunculacircaeduncle约0. Trav. 259. 1847; Picea morindoides Rehder; P. spinulosa var. yatungensis Silba5厘米),中间的棕色,椭圆形圆筒状, ( 6-)7-9.5(-10) * 3-4 当打开时,厘米。
Trees to 60 m tall; bark rough, flaking, scaly; branchlets pendulous, initially brownish yellow, turning gray in 2nd year, slender, glabrous; winter buds brown, ovoid or conical孢子叶球的种鳞在中部倒卵形,凸, 0.8-ovoid1. Leaves directed forward on upper side of branchlets, spreading on lower side, linear, flattened or subflattened, broadly rhombic in cross section, 2 * 1.5-31.5 cm 6 × 厘米,上部边缘多少,rocircirca种子大约 1.1-16 * 0.8 mm, slightly keeled on both surfaces, stomatal lines 5-7 in each of 2 white bands adaxially, occasionally 1-3 incomplete stomatal lines abaxially, apex acute or acuminate.厘米包括翅; 翅淡褐色,边缘啮蚀状。
Seed cones greenTrees to 35 m tall; bark grayish, purple at margin of seed scalesscaly; crown open, maturing brown broadly conical; branches spreading or dark brownslightly descending, oblong-cylindric or cylindricslender; branchlets steeply descending, 9ultimate ones strongly pendulous; 1st-11 × 3and 2nd-4.5 cm. Seed scales closely arranged, obovate or obtrullate, thick, ca. 2 × 1.8 cm, exposed part smooth and glossy, not striate. Seeds dark year branchlets olive brown, ca. 5 mm; wing to pale orange-brown, lustrousinitially pubescent, obovate-oblong, 1.1-1.5 cm × ca. 5 mmlater glabrescent.
Mountains; 2900Leaves directed forward (but not appressed) on upper side of branchlets, slightly directed forward on lower side, blue-green with slight bloom, (1.5-)1.8-3600 m2. S Xizang [Bhutan3(-2.5) cm, flattened, parallel sided for most of length, Nepalcovered with bright snow-white epicuticular wax adaxially, Sikkim]stomatal lines 5 or 6 in each of 2 bands adaxially, apex abruptly acute, somewhat pungent.
The timber is used for constructionPollen cones conical-cylindric, and the species is cultivated for afforestation2-2.<ref>[http://www5 cm × ca. 3 mm. Seed cones sessile or very shortly pedunculate (peduncle ca.iplant0.cn/info/Picea%20spinulosa?t=foc FOC >> Vol5 cm), mid brown, ellipsoid-cylindric, (6-)7-9.4 5(1999-10) >> Pinaceae >> Picea ] </ref>× 3-4 cm when open.
==喜马拉雅云杉生存环境==Seed scales at middle of cones obovate, convex, 0.8-1.2 产于[[西藏]]南部([[亚东]]、[[吉隆]]等地)海拔2900× 1-3600米地带。[[不丹]]、[[锡金]]、[[尼泊尔]]也有分布。1.6 cm, distal margin ± incurved, rounded. Seeds ca. 1.6 × 0.5 cm including wing; wing pale brown, margin erose.<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/Picea%20spinulosa20farreri?t=foc FOC 《中国植物志》 第7卷 >> Vol.4 (19781999) >> 166页 PDF Pinaceae >> 西藏云杉 Picea spinulosa] </ref>
==生境产地== 模式标本采自锡金 潮湿石灰石山具重的季风雨(在[[缅甸]]); 2400-2700米[[云南]]西部(Nu 江山谷) [缅甸(沼泽Shui凌山谷) <ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/Picea%20farreri?t=foc FOC >> Vol.4 (1999) >> Pinaceae >> Picea | eFloras.org Link] </ref>
==喜马拉雅云杉用途==木材供建筑等用。西藏南部可用来造林。Small, pure stands in usually open forests in cool, wet limestone mountains with heavy monsoon rains (in Myanmar); 2400-2700 m. W Yunnan (Nu Jiang valley) [Myanmar (Fen-Shui-Ling valley)].<ref>[http://www.plant.csdbiplant.cn/detailsinfo/Picea%20farreri?guidt=paleoname:2873 focn 缅甸云杉 Picea spinulosa farreri] 缅甸云杉(Griffmiǎn diàn yún shān) Hebry | 中国植物主题数据库 .中国植物主题数据库[引用日期2020-08-21] PPBCCVHColDuocetCFHeFlorasEOLTPLIPNIBHLPOWOGBIFiDigBioBingBaiduPicea farreri C. N. Page & Rushforth异名: Picea ... </ref>==喜马拉雅云杉时代产地==西藏卓奥友峰加布拉,中更新世。
== 图版信息:Related Taxa==P. abies [[欧洲云杉]]P. asperata [[云杉]]P. asperata var. asperata 云杉 (原变种)P. asperata var. aurantiaca [[白皮云杉]]P. asperata var. heterolepis [[裂鳞云杉]]P. brachytyla [[麦吊云杉]]P. brachytyla var. brachytyla [[麦吊杉]] (原变种)P. brachytyla var. complanata [[油麦吊云杉]]P. crassifolia [[青海云杉]]P. jezoensis [[卵果鱼鳞云杉]]P. jezoensis var. komarovii [[长白鱼鳞云杉]]P. jezoensis var. microsperma [[鱼鳞云杉]]P. koraiensis 红皮云杉P. koraiensis var. nenjiangensisP. likiangensis 丽江云杉P. likiangensis var. hirtella 黄果云杉P. likiangensis var. likiangensis 丽江云杉 (原变种)P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis (图版 90,图 16~25)林芝云杉==数据来源:==P. likiangensis var. montigena 康定云杉P. likiangensis var. rubescens 川西云杉P. meyeri 白扦P. morrisonicola 台湾云杉P. neoveitchii 大果青扦P. obovata 西伯利亚云杉P. purpurea 紫果云杉P. schrenkiana 雪岭杉P. smithiana 长叶云杉P. spinulosa 喜马拉雅云杉P. torano 日本云杉P. wilsonii 中国化石裸子植物(下册)(2016),页码:97青扦
== 参考来源 ==
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