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稀果杜鹃

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'''稀果杜鹃'''

[[File:稀果杜鹃1.jpg|缩略图|左|稀果杜鹃[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%9C%E6%9D%9C%E9%B9%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=4257148507,2198723988&os=3069183520,645186056&simid=3514348830,386278587&pn=0&rn=1&di=120&ln=322&fr=&fmq=1596109323037_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fa.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fbaike%2Fw%253D268%2Fsign%3Dc44dc91c97eef01f4d141fc3d8ff99e0%2F960a304e251f95caa10ae2ceca177f3e660952ce.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%9C%E6%9D%9C%E9%B9%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=4257148507,2198723988&os=3069183520,645186056&simid=3514348830,386278587&pn=0&rn=1&di=120&ln=322&fr=&fmq=1596109323037_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fa.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fbaike%2Fw%253D268%2Fsign%3Dc44dc91c97eef01f4d141fc3d8ff99e0%2F960a304e251f95caa10ae2ceca177f3e660952ce.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]
稀果杜鹃([[学名:Rhododendron oligocarpum Fang et X. S. Zhang]]):灌木或小乔木,高可达6米;幼枝圆柱形,疏被白色微柔毛,叶革质,上面暗绿色,无毛,下面淡黄绿色,叶柄疏被褐色粗伏毛。顶生短总状伞形花序,花梗密被淡黄色短柔毛;花萼小,裂齿三角形;花冠钟形,紫红色至粉红色,内面基部有深紫红色斑块,花丝下部有白色微柔毛,花药倒卵形,子房卵状椭圆形,蒴果长圆柱形,深褐色,4-5月开花,9-10月结果。

产[[中国广西东北部]]和[[贵州东北部]]。生于海拔1800-2500米的山顶灌丛或森林中。

花为紫红色至粉红色,有较高的观赏价值。

([[概述图片参考资料来源: <ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/536025/9469IZLt8J35ZObfOCarzfkgcgrzkWdaHzQ5yMNh3Brc5ysHxakg6L5FxPSRKWmrcjNeYCNOl0fDjfq60B6lmqWKIx0-0fqtO6GxqEirT1WCpiYzrZFv7_XSRlcJ4oRI7Bu3-hGUJ6pjLnaFPNyURPU | 中国植物主题数据库,引用日期2014-10-13] </ref> ]] )

==形态特征==

灌木或小乔木,高4-6米;幼枝圆柱形,疏被白色微柔毛,老枝灰褐色,无毛,在花序下的小枝直径3-4毫米。冬芽腋生,卵圆形,长5毫米,近于无毛。

叶革质,长圆状椭圆形,稀倒卵状椭圆形,长4-63厘米,宽2-3厘米,先端钝圆,有突尖头,基部圆形,稀近浅心形,边缘反卷,幼时有褐色纤毛,上面暗绿色,无毛,下面淡黄绿色,中脉在上面稍凹下,下面凸出,在近基部被褐色柔毛,侧脉13-15对,细脉网状,在下面侧脉和细脉均不发育;叶柄长8-15毫米,疏被褐色粗伏毛。

顶生短总状伞形花序,有花3-4朵;总轴长5-6毫米,被稀疏的微柔毛;苞片近于匙形,长1.2厘米,宽约5毫米,先端有小突尖头,外面密被灰白色柔毛,内面无毛;花梗长1-2厘米,密被淡黄色短柔毛;花萼小,长约1.7毫米,外面被淡黄色短柔毛,裂齿5,三角形;花冠钟形,长3.5厘米,直径4.3厘米,紫红色至粉红色,内面基部有深紫红色斑块,裂片5,扁圆形,长1.5厘米,宽约2厘米,顶端有缺刻;雄蕊10,不等长,长1.3-2.6厘米,花丝下部有白色微柔毛,花药倒卵形,长1.6-2毫米,棕色;子房卵状椭圆形,长4-5毫米,直径3毫米,密被白色(后变为黄褐色)长毛,花柱长2.5厘米,无毛,柱头头状,黄色,宽约2.2毫米。

蒴果长圆柱形,长2-2.5厘米,直径7毫米,深褐色,有明显的肋纹和毛被残迹。花期4-5月,果期9-10月。 <ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/536025/4b76emEcQBAyI2VivdeAMZbX1B1srCeOpX3VBJTkcbp4KoVeQiEtyGqiWm8g9SfPTi306TOxbr5L_nQt_kQFBH_N5ILbZY2wIFBKG7FS7a47rENRjMNUcWVwc_ZG3FE | 植物智,引用日期2019-12-19] </ref>
[[File:稀果杜鹃2.jpg|缩略图|稀果杜鹃[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%9C%E6%9D%9C%E9%B9%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3472208038,2087775209&os=2588952857,3268163273&simid=0,0&pn=1&rn=1&di=10240&ln=322&fr=&fmq=1596109323037_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fc.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fbaike%2Fw%253D150%2Fsign%3D7a6e6b8fab18972ba33a04cfd6cc7b9d%2Fb21bb051f81986189c02b81f4aed2e738ad4e6e0.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%9C%E6%9D%9C%E9%B9%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3472208038,2087775209&os=2588952857,3268163273&simid=0,0&pn=1&rn=1&di=10240&ln=322&fr=&fmq=1596109323037_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fc.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fbaike%2Fw%253D150%2Fsign%3D7a6e6b8fab18972ba33a04cfd6cc7b9d%2Fb21bb051f81986189c02b81f4aed2e738ad4e6e0.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]

==近种区别==

改种与麻花杜鹃 R. maculiferum Franch. 相近,但叶较小,坚硬,长4-6.3厘米,宽仅2-3厘米,侧脉不发育;花序上仅有花3-4朵;花萼和花梗密被淡黄色短柔毛,极易区别。

==产地生境==

产[[中国广西东北部]]和[[贵州东北部]]。生于海拔1800-2500米的山顶灌丛或森林中。模式标本采自[[贵州印江梵净山]]。 <ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/536025/ae028ZT5lE1WMN2Z1WEbT2RXqUwkXIz8hjx66CW4Vnjs77PqWdGSH6AOQvSlCYrwu5j0ul8_NAIgr1mGj8W7Qz7K8URmo7-aafVm4EC5uee6NOmtjgRget4_IRyndljkCo3CGze_SJ0i | 中国植物物种信息数据库,引用日期2012-12-21] </ref>

==繁殖方式==

===扦插===

[[File:稀果杜鹃3.jpg|缩略图|左|稀果杜鹃[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%9C%E6%9D%9C%E9%B9%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=1653648441,936837569&os=616441674,423190188&simid=4207945214,716545828&pn=2&rn=1&di=230&ln=322&fr=&fmq=1596109323037_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fe.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fbaike%2Fw%253D268%2Fsign%3Dff4fd8e20923dd542173a06ee908b3df%2Ff9dcd100baa1cd1146d7d6a6b912c8fcc2ce2dd6.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%9C%E6%9D%9C%E9%B9%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=1653648441,936837569&os=616441674,423190188&simid=4207945214,716545828&pn=2&rn=1&di=230&ln=322&fr=&fmq=1596109323037_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fe.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fbaike%2Fw%253D268%2Fsign%3Dff4fd8e20923dd542173a06ee908b3df%2Ff9dcd100baa1cd1146d7d6a6b912c8fcc2ce2dd6.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]
扦插繁殖是杜鹃花栽培中应用最多的繁殖方法,一般在5-6月份剪取健壮的半木质化的新枝,长约5-8厘米,剪除下部叶片,保留顶叶2-3片作插穗,然后扦插在疏松透气、富含腐植质的酸性土壤中,温度保持在20-25℃,遮阴并经常喷雾保湿,以促进萌发新根。

===嫩枝===

嫩枝繁殖是用劈接对于难以成活的名贵品种如西鹃等,先剪去嫩枝约3-4厘米作接穗,将基部用利刀削成楔形,用毛鹃作砧木,采用嫩枝劈接,然后置阴棚下用塑料薄膜绑扎,并用塑料袋将接穗和砧木一起罩住保湿。 <ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/536025/a5642TuBICOg_zEElw6HpezB-FriLcliR49jHJl9yWFt4lh3T1dnwGrEjb4pgHx3YH5_C-uiaxoBdqOYJ_QyZ57X288UQOXFcSk | 广西壮族自治区农业厅,引用日期2014-10-12] </ref>
[[File:稀果杜鹃4.jpg|缩略图|稀果杜鹃[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%9C%E6%9D%9C%E9%B9%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=2485476249,3671278186&os=3453880331,3837478392&simid=3078516449,3577539961&pn=8&rn=1&di=22330&ln=322&fr=&fmq=1596109323037_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Ff.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fbaike%2Fs%253D290%2Fsign%3D3d24b9360cf3d7ca08f6387fc21fbe3c%2Fac345982b2b7d0a2a9f2fa95cbef76094b369afb.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%A8%80%E6%9E%9C%E6%9D%9C%E9%B9%83%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=2485476249,3671278186&os=3453880331,3837478392&simid=3078516449,3577539961&pn=8&rn=1&di=22330&ln=322&fr=&fmq=1596109323037_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Ff.hiphotos.baidu.com%2Fbaike%2Fs%253D290%2Fsign%3D3d24b9360cf3d7ca08f6387fc21fbe3c%2Fac345982b2b7d0a2a9f2fa95cbef76094b369afb.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]

==主要价值==

稀果杜鹃花为紫红色至粉红色,极易引人注目,有较高的观赏价值。可以植于庭园内的花坛中、假山上或松林中,当盛花季节,花色迷人。
==参考文献==
{{Reflist}}
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