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拉脱维亚语
,创建页面,内容为“{{Expand|time=2014-07-19T15:38:03+00:00}} {{Infobox Language |name=拉脱维亚语 |nativename={{lang|lv|Latviešu valoda}} |familycolor=印欧语系 |states=拉…”
{{Expand|time=2014-07-19T15:38:03+00:00}}
{{Infobox Language
|name=拉脱维亚语
|nativename={{lang|lv|Latviešu valoda}}
|familycolor=印欧语系
|states=[[拉脱维亚]]
|region=[[波罗的海|波罗的海地区]]
|speakers=175万
|date= 2015
|ref= e18
|fam1=[[印欧语系]]
|fam2=[[波罗的语族]]
|fam3=[[东波罗的语支]]
|map = Latvian as primary language at home by municipalities and cities (2011).svg
|mapcaption=2011年根据[[拉脱维亚行政区划|行政区域]]划分的拉脱维亚语在其国内的使用状况
|iso1 = lv
|iso2 = lav
|iso3 = lav
|lc1 = lvs |ld1 = 标淮拉脱维亚语
|lc2 = ltg |ld2 = 拉特加莱语言
|lingua = 54-AAB-a
|glotto = latv1249
|glottorefname= Latvian
|nation={{flag|拉脱维亚}}<br />{{flag|欧盟}}
|script = [[拉丁字母]] ([[拉脱维亚语字母]])<br>[[拉脱维亚语盲文]]
|notice=IPA
}}
'''拉脱维亚语'''({{lang|lv|'''latviešu valoda'''}})是[[拉脱维亚]]的官方语言。拉脱维亚语在英语中曾被称为'''Lettish''',而在大部分[[日耳曼语族]]的语言中仍然是这样称呼。在拉脱维亚有大约130万人以其为母语,而在海外有约10万。总共有200万,也即80%的拉脱维亚人口使用拉脱维亚语。<ref>[http://www.vvk.lv/index.php?sadala=129&id=389 Dažādu tautu valodu prasme]{{lv icon}}</ref>而在其中有116万,也即约56%的人在国内将其当作主要语言。<ref>[http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/tautassk_11/tautassk_11__tsk2011/TSG11-071.px/?rxid=c6397dfa-547d-4de0-afac-3791d8f0957b RESIDENT POPULATION ON MARCH 1, 2011 BY LANGUAGE MOSTLY SPOKEN AT HOME, GENDER AND AGE GROUP]</ref>在日常生活中使用拉脱维亚语的比例在多个地区均有上升趋势。<ref>[http://www.delfi.lv/archive/article.php?id=20135719 Krievvalodīgie arvien vairāk runā latviski]</ref>
拉脱维亚语是现存的两种[[波罗的语族]]之一(另一种是[[立陶宛语]],与其相近)。波罗的语族隶属于[[印欧语系]]。另外有争议质疑能够和拉脱维亚语相互沟通的[[拉特加莱语言]]和[[克罗尼语]]是否应该被看作不同的独立语言。
拉脱维亚语最早在16世纪中期出现在西方出版物中,在[[塞巴斯丁·缪斯特]]的《世界志》(1544)中对[[主祷文]]进行了拉脱维亚语的翻译。
== 发音 ==
=== 子音 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
![[双唇音]]
![[齿龈音]]
![[龈后音]]
![[硬颚音]]
![[软颚音]]
|-align=center
![[鼻音]]
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
| {{IPA|ɲ}}
| {{IPA|[ŋ]}}
|-align=center
![[塞音]]
| {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
| {{IPA|c}} {{IPA|ɟ}}
| {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-align=center
![[塞擦音]]
|
| {{IPA|t͡s}} {{IPA|d͡z}}
| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|
|-align=center
![[擦音]]
| ({{IPA|f}}) {{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| ({{IPA|x}})
|-align=center
![[近音]]
|
|
|
| {{IPA|j}}
|
|-align=center
![[边音]]
|
| {{IPA|l}}
|
| {{IPA|ʎ}}
|
|-align=center
![[颤音]]
|
| {{IPA|r}}
|
|
|
|}
=== 母音 ===
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[前母音|前]]
! colspan="2" | [[央母音|央]]
! colspan="2" | [[后母音|后]]
|-class=small
! 短 !! 长
! 短 !! 长
! 短 !! 长
|-
! [[闭母音]]
| {{IPA|i}} || {{IPA|iː}}
| colspan="2" |
| {{IPA|u}} || {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! [[半开母音]]
| {{IPA|ɛ}} || {{IPA|ɛː}}
| colspan="2"|
| ({{IPA|ɔ}}) || ({{IPA|ɔː}})
|-
! [[开母音]]
| {{IPA|æ}} || {{IPA|æː}}
| {{IPA|a}} || {{IPA|aː}}
| colspan="2" |
|}
== 拼写法 ==
拉脱维亚语共33个字母:
{{Alphabet lv}}
*具[[长音符号]]的代表[[长母音]]
== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}
== 外部链接 ==
{{interWiki|code=lv}}
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.letonika.lv/ Letonika]
* [http://www.letonika.lv/dictionary/ English-Latvian/Latvian-English dictionary]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070916092434/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Latvian-english/ Latvian English Dictionary] from [https://web.archive.org/web/20120223164907/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ Webster's Online Dictionary] - the Rosetta Edition
* [http://www.multitran.ru Russian-Latvian/Latvian-Russian dictionary]
* [http://www.lvavp.lv/ National Agency for Latvian Language Training]
* [http://www.languagehelpers.com/Latvia/TheLatvianAlphabet.html The Latvian Alphabet]
* [http://www.languagehelpers.com Examples of Latvian words and phrases (with sound)]
* [http://www.torontozinas.com Bilingual (Latvian and English) e-zine]
{{refend}}
<br />
{{欧盟官方语言}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:波罗的语族]]
[[Category:有主谓宾结构的语言]]
[[Category:拉脱维亚语言]]
{{Infobox Language
|name=拉脱维亚语
|nativename={{lang|lv|Latviešu valoda}}
|familycolor=印欧语系
|states=[[拉脱维亚]]
|region=[[波罗的海|波罗的海地区]]
|speakers=175万
|date= 2015
|ref= e18
|fam1=[[印欧语系]]
|fam2=[[波罗的语族]]
|fam3=[[东波罗的语支]]
|map = Latvian as primary language at home by municipalities and cities (2011).svg
|mapcaption=2011年根据[[拉脱维亚行政区划|行政区域]]划分的拉脱维亚语在其国内的使用状况
|iso1 = lv
|iso2 = lav
|iso3 = lav
|lc1 = lvs |ld1 = 标淮拉脱维亚语
|lc2 = ltg |ld2 = 拉特加莱语言
|lingua = 54-AAB-a
|glotto = latv1249
|glottorefname= Latvian
|nation={{flag|拉脱维亚}}<br />{{flag|欧盟}}
|script = [[拉丁字母]] ([[拉脱维亚语字母]])<br>[[拉脱维亚语盲文]]
|notice=IPA
}}
'''拉脱维亚语'''({{lang|lv|'''latviešu valoda'''}})是[[拉脱维亚]]的官方语言。拉脱维亚语在英语中曾被称为'''Lettish''',而在大部分[[日耳曼语族]]的语言中仍然是这样称呼。在拉脱维亚有大约130万人以其为母语,而在海外有约10万。总共有200万,也即80%的拉脱维亚人口使用拉脱维亚语。<ref>[http://www.vvk.lv/index.php?sadala=129&id=389 Dažādu tautu valodu prasme]{{lv icon}}</ref>而在其中有116万,也即约56%的人在国内将其当作主要语言。<ref>[http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/tautassk_11/tautassk_11__tsk2011/TSG11-071.px/?rxid=c6397dfa-547d-4de0-afac-3791d8f0957b RESIDENT POPULATION ON MARCH 1, 2011 BY LANGUAGE MOSTLY SPOKEN AT HOME, GENDER AND AGE GROUP]</ref>在日常生活中使用拉脱维亚语的比例在多个地区均有上升趋势。<ref>[http://www.delfi.lv/archive/article.php?id=20135719 Krievvalodīgie arvien vairāk runā latviski]</ref>
拉脱维亚语是现存的两种[[波罗的语族]]之一(另一种是[[立陶宛语]],与其相近)。波罗的语族隶属于[[印欧语系]]。另外有争议质疑能够和拉脱维亚语相互沟通的[[拉特加莱语言]]和[[克罗尼语]]是否应该被看作不同的独立语言。
拉脱维亚语最早在16世纪中期出现在西方出版物中,在[[塞巴斯丁·缪斯特]]的《世界志》(1544)中对[[主祷文]]进行了拉脱维亚语的翻译。
== 发音 ==
=== 子音 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
![[双唇音]]
![[齿龈音]]
![[龈后音]]
![[硬颚音]]
![[软颚音]]
|-align=center
![[鼻音]]
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
| {{IPA|ɲ}}
| {{IPA|[ŋ]}}
|-align=center
![[塞音]]
| {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|d}}
|
| {{IPA|c}} {{IPA|ɟ}}
| {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|ɡ}}
|-align=center
![[塞擦音]]
|
| {{IPA|t͡s}} {{IPA|d͡z}}
| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}
|
|
|-align=center
![[擦音]]
| ({{IPA|f}}) {{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| ({{IPA|x}})
|-align=center
![[近音]]
|
|
|
| {{IPA|j}}
|
|-align=center
![[边音]]
|
| {{IPA|l}}
|
| {{IPA|ʎ}}
|
|-align=center
![[颤音]]
|
| {{IPA|r}}
|
|
|
|}
=== 母音 ===
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[前母音|前]]
! colspan="2" | [[央母音|央]]
! colspan="2" | [[后母音|后]]
|-class=small
! 短 !! 长
! 短 !! 长
! 短 !! 长
|-
! [[闭母音]]
| {{IPA|i}} || {{IPA|iː}}
| colspan="2" |
| {{IPA|u}} || {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! [[半开母音]]
| {{IPA|ɛ}} || {{IPA|ɛː}}
| colspan="2"|
| ({{IPA|ɔ}}) || ({{IPA|ɔː}})
|-
! [[开母音]]
| {{IPA|æ}} || {{IPA|æː}}
| {{IPA|a}} || {{IPA|aː}}
| colspan="2" |
|}
== 拼写法 ==
拉脱维亚语共33个字母:
{{Alphabet lv}}
*具[[长音符号]]的代表[[长母音]]
== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}
== 外部链接 ==
{{interWiki|code=lv}}
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.letonika.lv/ Letonika]
* [http://www.letonika.lv/dictionary/ English-Latvian/Latvian-English dictionary]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070916092434/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Latvian-english/ Latvian English Dictionary] from [https://web.archive.org/web/20120223164907/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ Webster's Online Dictionary] - the Rosetta Edition
* [http://www.multitran.ru Russian-Latvian/Latvian-Russian dictionary]
* [http://www.lvavp.lv/ National Agency for Latvian Language Training]
* [http://www.languagehelpers.com/Latvia/TheLatvianAlphabet.html The Latvian Alphabet]
* [http://www.languagehelpers.com Examples of Latvian words and phrases (with sound)]
* [http://www.torontozinas.com Bilingual (Latvian and English) e-zine]
{{refend}}
<br />
{{欧盟官方语言}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:波罗的语族]]
[[Category:有主谓宾结构的语言]]
[[Category:拉脱维亚语言]]