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创建页面，内容为“'''菲比·阿珀森·赫斯特'''（{{lang-en|Phoebe Apperson Hearst}}，{{bd|1842年|12月3日|1919年|4月13日}}），美國慈善家、女權主義者<r…”
'''菲比·阿珀森·赫斯特'''（{{lang-en|Phoebe Apperson Hearst}}，{{bd|1842年|12月3日|1919年|4月13日}}），[[美國]]慈善家、[[女權主義]]者<ref>{{Cite journal| author = Nickliss, Alexandra | title = ''Phoebe Apperson Hearst's 'Gospel of Wealth,' 1883-1901'' | journal = Pacific Historical Review | volume = 71 |language=en | pages = 525-605|date=November 2002}}</ref>。她同時也是報業大王[[威廉·赫斯特]]的母親。
==生平==
菲比·赫斯特出生於[[密蘇里州]]{{link-en|聖克萊爾|Saint Clair, Missouri}}。19歲時嫁給後來成為美國[[參議員]]的[[喬治·赫斯特]]。婚後不久這對年輕夫婦便搬到[[加州]][[舊金山|舊金山市]]，在那裡菲比生下兩人唯一的獨子：[[威廉·赫斯特|威廉]]。
在1880年代，她是位積極的慈善家。她是金門幼稚園協會的主要贊助者與董事<ref>{{Cite book | author = Edward T. James, ed. | title = ''Notable American Women 1607-1950'' | publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | year = 1971 | volume= II |language=en | page = 171 }}</ref>，同時也是加州世紀俱樂部的第一任主席<ref>{{en}}{{Cite book| author = Century Club of California | title = ''Historical Sketch'' | publisher = Century Club of California |language=en | year = 1893 }}</ref>。除此之外她還是美國[[柏克萊加州大學|加州大學柏克萊分校]]的第一位女性校董與贊助者。她自1897年起在董事會任職，直到去世。同樣在1897年，她促使全國母親代表大會的成立，該會為後來[[全國家長與教師協會]]的前身。1900年，她與其他人共同創立{{Link-en|國家大教堂學校|National Cathedral School}}，使得一座毗鄰該校的公立小學以她的名字命名以作紀念<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hearstdc.org/contact.htm|title=Welcome to Phoebe Hearst Elementary School!|publisher=Phoebe Hearst Elementary School|location=[[華盛頓特區]]|5=|language=en|accessdate=2011-05-23|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004231313/http://www.hearstdc.org/contact.htm|archivedate=2011-10-04}}</ref>。
1898年，她的[[宗教]]信仰從[[坎伯蘭長老教會]]<ref>{{en}}{{Cite book | author=Owens, Billie Louise and Robert James, | title = ''Sons of Frontiersmen: History & Genealogy of Rowland, Whitmire and Associated Families'' | publisher = Billie Louise and Robert James Owens |language=en | year = 1976 | page = 62}}</ref>轉向[[巴哈伊教]]，並對該教在美國的傳播起了重要的影響。她在1898年12月14日抵達[[巴勒斯坦]]（現[[以色列]]）境內的[[阿卡 (以色列)|阿卡]]與[[海法]]兩地朝聖<ref>{{Cite book| title = ''Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America | first = Rosemary Skinner'' | last = Keller | first2 = Rosemary Radford | last2 = Ruether | first3 = Marie | last3 = Cantlon | publisher = Indiana University Press | year = 2006 |language=en | isbn = 0253346851 | pages = 777}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = ''Materials for the Study of the Bab́i ́religion'' | first = Edward Granville | last = Browne | publisher = The University Press |language=en | year = 1918 | pages = 97–98}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = ''The Hearsts'' | first = Judith | last = Robinson | publisher = University of Delaware Press | year = 1991 |language=en | isbn = 0874133831 | pages = 311–312}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last = Hatcher |last2 = Martin | first2 = J.D. |year = 1998 |title = ''The Bahá'í Faith: The Emerging Global Religion'' |publisher = Harper & Row |location = San Francisco | pages = 52–53 |language=en | isbn = 0877432643 <!--| unused_data = first W.S.-->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = ''Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America'' | first = Eugene V. | last = Gallagher | first2 = W. Michael | last2 = Ashcraft | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | year = 2006 | isbn = 0275987124 |language=en | pages = 192–193}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = ''The Origins of the Bahá'í Community of Canada, 1898-1948'' | first = Will C. | last = Van den Hoonaard | publisher = Wilfrid Laurier University Press | year = 1996 |language=en | isbn = 0889202729 | pages = 17, 36, 356 pages}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | title = ''Lights of the Spirit: Historical Portraits of Black Baha'is in North America, 1898-2000'' | first = Gwendolyn | last = Etter-Lewis | first2 = Richard Walter | last2 = Thomas | publisher = Baha'i Publishing Trust |language=en | year = 2006 | isbn = 1931847266 | pages = 23, 176}}</ref>，她後來描述道：「這三天是我生命中最難忘的日子。」（Those three days were the most memorable days of my life.）<ref>{{Cite book| title = ''Persia by a Persian: Personal Experiences, Manners, Customs, Habits, Religious and Social Life in Persia'' | first = Isaac | last = Adams | publisher = E. Stock | year= 1906 | location = [[紐約公共圖書館]] |language=en | pages = 489}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | author=Effendi, Shoghi | title=''God Passes By'' | location=Wilmette | publisher=Bahá'í Pub. Trust | year=1974 |language=en | isbn=0-87743-020-9}}</ref>
她在1919年4月13日死於[[西班牙流感]]，享年76歲。逝世後被安葬在[[加州]][[聖馬刁縣|聖馬刁郡]][[科爾馬市]]內的{{Link-en|賽普拉斯草坪紀念公園|Cypress Lawn Memorial Park}}<ref>{{Cite news|first=|last=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Phoebe Apperson Hearst (1842-1919)|url=http://www.hearstcastle.org/history/phoebe_hearst.asp|work=|publisher=Hearst Castle|language=en|date=|accessdate=2007-06-18|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629092413/http://www.hearstcastle.org/history/phoebe_hearst.asp|archivedate=2007-06-29}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mrs. Phoebe Hearst Dies in California. Her Son, W.R. Hearst, at Her Bedside When the End Came. Lived on the Frontier. Gave Millions to University of California and Cathedral School for Girls. Her Gifts to Art and Education. A Leader in Washington. |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9807E7D71E39E13ABC4C52DFB2668382609EDE |quote=Pleasanton, California, April 24, 1929. Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst, widow of George Hearst, who was United States Senator from California, and mother of William Randolph Hearst, the publisher, died at her home here today, after an illness of several weeks. |publisher=[[紐約時報]] |language=en |date=1929-04-24 |accessdate=2007-06-21 }}</ref>。
==參考資料==
{{Reflist|2}}
==生平==
菲比·赫斯特出生於[[密蘇里州]]{{link-en|聖克萊爾|Saint Clair, Missouri}}。19歲時嫁給後來成為美國[[參議員]]的[[喬治·赫斯特]]。婚後不久這對年輕夫婦便搬到[[加州]][[舊金山|舊金山市]]，在那裡菲比生下兩人唯一的獨子：[[威廉·赫斯特|威廉]]。
在1880年代，她是位積極的慈善家。她是金門幼稚園協會的主要贊助者與董事<ref>{{Cite book | author = Edward T. James, ed. | title = ''Notable American Women 1607-1950'' | publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | year = 1971 | volume= II |language=en | page = 171 }}</ref>，同時也是加州世紀俱樂部的第一任主席<ref>{{en}}{{Cite book| author = Century Club of California | title = ''Historical Sketch'' | publisher = Century Club of California |language=en | year = 1893 }}</ref>。除此之外她還是美國[[柏克萊加州大學|加州大學柏克萊分校]]的第一位女性校董與贊助者。她自1897年起在董事會任職，直到去世。同樣在1897年，她促使全國母親代表大會的成立，該會為後來[[全國家長與教師協會]]的前身。1900年，她與其他人共同創立{{Link-en|國家大教堂學校|National Cathedral School}}，使得一座毗鄰該校的公立小學以她的名字命名以作紀念<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hearstdc.org/contact.htm|title=Welcome to Phoebe Hearst Elementary School!|publisher=Phoebe Hearst Elementary School|location=[[華盛頓特區]]|5=|language=en|accessdate=2011-05-23|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004231313/http://www.hearstdc.org/contact.htm|archivedate=2011-10-04}}</ref>。
1898年，她的[[宗教]]信仰從[[坎伯蘭長老教會]]<ref>{{en}}{{Cite book | author=Owens, Billie Louise and Robert James, | title = ''Sons of Frontiersmen: History & Genealogy of Rowland, Whitmire and Associated Families'' | publisher = Billie Louise and Robert James Owens |language=en | year = 1976 | page = 62}}</ref>轉向[[巴哈伊教]]，並對該教在美國的傳播起了重要的影響。她在1898年12月14日抵達[[巴勒斯坦]]（現[[以色列]]）境內的[[阿卡 (以色列)|阿卡]]與[[海法]]兩地朝聖<ref>{{Cite book| title = ''Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America | first = Rosemary Skinner'' | last = Keller | first2 = Rosemary Radford | last2 = Ruether | first3 = Marie | last3 = Cantlon | publisher = Indiana University Press | year = 2006 |language=en | isbn = 0253346851 | pages = 777}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = ''Materials for the Study of the Bab́i ́religion'' | first = Edward Granville | last = Browne | publisher = The University Press |language=en | year = 1918 | pages = 97–98}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = ''The Hearsts'' | first = Judith | last = Robinson | publisher = University of Delaware Press | year = 1991 |language=en | isbn = 0874133831 | pages = 311–312}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last = Hatcher |last2 = Martin | first2 = J.D. |year = 1998 |title = ''The Bahá'í Faith: The Emerging Global Religion'' |publisher = Harper & Row |location = San Francisco | pages = 52–53 |language=en | isbn = 0877432643 <!--| unused_data = first W.S.-->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = ''Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America'' | first = Eugene V. | last = Gallagher | first2 = W. Michael | last2 = Ashcraft | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | year = 2006 | isbn = 0275987124 |language=en | pages = 192–193}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = ''The Origins of the Bahá'í Community of Canada, 1898-1948'' | first = Will C. | last = Van den Hoonaard | publisher = Wilfrid Laurier University Press | year = 1996 |language=en | isbn = 0889202729 | pages = 17, 36, 356 pages}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | title = ''Lights of the Spirit: Historical Portraits of Black Baha'is in North America, 1898-2000'' | first = Gwendolyn | last = Etter-Lewis | first2 = Richard Walter | last2 = Thomas | publisher = Baha'i Publishing Trust |language=en | year = 2006 | isbn = 1931847266 | pages = 23, 176}}</ref>，她後來描述道：「這三天是我生命中最難忘的日子。」（Those three days were the most memorable days of my life.）<ref>{{Cite book| title = ''Persia by a Persian: Personal Experiences, Manners, Customs, Habits, Religious and Social Life in Persia'' | first = Isaac | last = Adams | publisher = E. Stock | year= 1906 | location = [[紐約公共圖書館]] |language=en | pages = 489}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | author=Effendi, Shoghi | title=''God Passes By'' | location=Wilmette | publisher=Bahá'í Pub. Trust | year=1974 |language=en | isbn=0-87743-020-9}}</ref>
她在1919年4月13日死於[[西班牙流感]]，享年76歲。逝世後被安葬在[[加州]][[聖馬刁縣|聖馬刁郡]][[科爾馬市]]內的{{Link-en|賽普拉斯草坪紀念公園|Cypress Lawn Memorial Park}}<ref>{{Cite news|first=|last=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Phoebe Apperson Hearst (1842-1919)|url=http://www.hearstcastle.org/history/phoebe_hearst.asp|work=|publisher=Hearst Castle|language=en|date=|accessdate=2007-06-18|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629092413/http://www.hearstcastle.org/history/phoebe_hearst.asp|archivedate=2007-06-29}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mrs. Phoebe Hearst Dies in California. Her Son, W.R. Hearst, at Her Bedside When the End Came. Lived on the Frontier. Gave Millions to University of California and Cathedral School for Girls. Her Gifts to Art and Education. A Leader in Washington. |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9807E7D71E39E13ABC4C52DFB2668382609EDE |quote=Pleasanton, California, April 24, 1929. Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst, widow of George Hearst, who was United States Senator from California, and mother of William Randolph Hearst, the publisher, died at her home here today, after an illness of several weeks. |publisher=[[紐約時報]] |language=en |date=1929-04-24 |accessdate=2007-06-21 }}</ref>。
==參考資料==
{{Reflist|2}}