鬼蠟燭檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
鬼蠟燭 |
中文名稱:鬼蠟燭 拉丁學名:Phleum paniculatum Huds. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:單子葉植物綱 目:禾本目 科:禾本科 屬:梯牧草屬 |
鬼蠟燭(guǐ là zhú),學名:Phleum paniculatum Huds.,俗名:假看麥娘,異名:Phleum japonicum Chilochloa paniculata Phleum asperum ,是禾本科,梯牧草屬多年生草本植物。一年生。稈細瘦,直立,叢生,基部常膝曲,高3-45厘米,具3-5節。葉鞘短於節間,緊密或鬆弛;葉舌膜質,長2-4毫米;葉片扁平,長1.5-15厘米,寬2-6毫米,先端尖。圓錐花序緊密,呈窄的圓柱狀,長0.8-10厘米,寬4-8毫米,成熟後草黃色;小穗楔形或倒卵形,產我國長江流域和山西、陝西、甘肅等省。生於海拔1800米以下之山坡、道旁、田野以及池沼旁。 [1]
形態特徵
一年生。稈細瘦,直立,叢生,基部常膝曲,高3-45厘米,具3-5節。葉鞘短於節間,緊密或鬆弛;葉舌膜質,長2-4毫米;葉片扁平,長1.5-15厘米,寬2-6毫米,先端尖。
圓錐花序緊密,呈窄的圓柱狀,長0.8-10厘米,寬4-8毫米,成熟後草黃色;小穗楔形或倒卵形,長2-3毫米;穎具3脈,脈間具深溝,脊上無毛或具硬纖毛;
先端具長約0.5毫米的尖頭;外稃卵形,長1.3-2毫米,貼生短毛;內稃幾等長於外稃;花葯長約0.8毫米。穎果長約1毫米。花果期4-8月。
FOC >> Vol.22 (2006) >> Poaceae >> Phleum 1.Phleum paniculatum Hudson 鬼蠟燭 gui la zhu
Chilochloa paniculata (Hudson) P. Beauvois; Phleum asperum Jacquin; P. japonicum Franchet & Savatier.
Annual, tufted. Culms erect or geniculate at base, slender, 3–45 cm tall, 3–5-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous, upper slightly inflated; leaf blades soft, 1.5–15 cm, 2–6 mm wide, glabrous, margins scabrid, apex acute; ligule 2–4 mm, obtuse.
Panicle narrowly cylindrical, 1–10 × 0.4–0.8 cm, yellowish green; branches free from central axis. Spikelets obovate-cuneate, 2–3 mm; rachilla extension present; glumes inflated toward apex, narrowed toward base, deeply channeled between veins, scabrid, keel glabrous or shortly pectinate, apex truncate, cuspidate into a hard 0.3–0.6 mm mucro; lemma 1.3–2 mm, 5-veined, sparsely appressed-pubescent, apex subobtuse; anthers 0.4–0.8 mm. Caryopsis ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Aug. 2n = 28.
Mountain slopes, riversides, field margins, roadsides; ca. 1800 m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang (Lin'an) [Afghanistan, NW India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe].
分類文獻
Phleum paniculatum Huds. Fl. Angl. 23. 1762; Ohwi, Fl. Japan 85. 1956; 禾本科圖說550.圖479. 1959; 江蘇南部種子植物手冊62.圖92. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 403. 1960; 中國高等植物圖鑑5: 101.圖7032.1976; 秦嶺植物志1 (1) : 134, 1976; Tzvel. Poac. URSS 366. 1976; 江蘇植物志 (上) : 202. 圖339. 1977.——Phleum asperum Jacq. coll. 1: 110. 1786; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 237. 1897; Pilger in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 224. 1900; Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 384. 1904.
產地生境
產我國長江流域和山西、陝西、甘肅等省。生於海拔1800米以下之山坡、道旁、田野以及池沼旁。在歐亞大陸的溫帶地區也有分布。模式標本采自英國。 [2] [3]