薩丁尼亞語檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史

薩丁尼亞語

原圖鏈接

中文名: 薩丁尼亞語 外文名: Sardinian、Sardu或Saldu 薩丁尼亞語: Sardu

薩丁尼亞語（英語Sardinian、Sardu或Saldu）薩丁尼亞語（Sardu）分布於意大利的薩丁尼亞島上，屬於印歐語系羅曼語族。薩丁尼亞語之下的諸「方言」差異程度頗大，因此「薩丁尼亞語」一詞指的是一種語言還是幾個獨立語言的統稱還無定論。SIL在薩丁尼亞語之下列了四個獨立的語言：Campidanese、Gallurese、Logudorese、及Sassarese。也有一些人認為Gallurese與Sassarese不屬於薩丁尼亞語而是屬於科西嘉語的方言。

介紹

羅馬人於238年開始統治薩丁尼亞（見「科西嘉與薩丁尼亞省」），也將語言帶入了薩丁尼亞，但是語言無法完全掩蓋古薩丁尼亞語（Palaeo-Sardinan language）的痕跡。許多不明的字根仍然流傳至今，而且通常是當地的語言接受了這些字根：「nur」出現在許多地名里，例如「Nuraghe」與「Nuoro」。

薩丁尼亞語很早就分離出來，因此與其它的羅曼語族的語言差異頗大，也保留了許多古老的特徵。在e，i之前出現的c有時也沒有軟化，例如「一百（centum） （/'kentum/）」在薩丁尼亞語是「kentu」，在意大利語是「cento」、法語「cent（/sɑ̃/）」、西班牙語「cien」、葡萄牙語「cem」、羅馬尼亞語「sută」。

薩丁尼亞語使用總人口約二百萬人。薩丁尼亞語在1997年10月15日被承認為薩丁尼亞自治區的地方性官方語言，並且受到法律保護。維基百科也有薩丁尼亞語版本。

語法

(1)名詞複數：

在薩丁尼亞語中，名詞分為陽性名詞和陰性名詞

<1>以元音a結尾的名詞加s,

例如：

Custa est fiza mia (This is my daughter),

Custas sunt fizas mias (These are my daughters).

<2>以元音u結尾的陽性名詞,把u變為os

例如：

Custu est fizu meu (This is my son)

Custos sunt fizos mios ( These are my sons).

<3>以元音e結尾的陽性名詞或者陰性名詞,結尾加s

例如：

Su frore est pro te (The flower is for you).

Sos frores sunt pro te(The flowers are for you).

<4>以元音i結尾的名詞加s

例如：

su carreteri (the coachdriver),

soscarreteris (the coachdrivers).

(2)前置詞：

a, cun o chin, da, de, in, pro, tra (to, with, from, from/of, in, for, between/among)

a (to)

例如：

a babbu nadu bi l'as? (did you tell it to daddy?) (to daddy tell it him you have?)

a cue amus de torrare totu (all of us have to return there) (to there we-have to return all of us)

nadu bos l'aia chi a isse non lu deviazis mancu chircare (I had told you that you should not even look for him) (told you I had that to him not him you -should even search)

cun (with)

例如：

anda-bi cun Miali (go there with Michael)

bae cun fizu meu (go with my son)

est torradu cun muzere tua (he-has come back with your wife)

si nd'est andadu cun totu sa robba sua(he-has left with all his belongings)

da (from/of)

例如：

dae te non mi l'isetaia unu comportamentu gai

(I did not expect a similar behaviour from jou) (from you not for me Iexpected a behaviour similar)

dae cue m'est bennidu su colpu (the blow hit me from that direction) ( from there to me has come the blow)

dae ite nde so bessidu l'isco solu eo (only I know what I have lived through) (from what (of) I have come out that know only I)

de (from/of)

例如：

de Pedru non bi at de si nde fidare meda (you cannot trust a lot in peter) (of Peter not you have to trust a lot)

de inue sunt sos bighinos tuos? (where are your neighbours from?) (from where are the neighbours your?)

de abboghinare a giuanne non ti nde ses galu istracadu ? (have you not gotten tired of calling John yet ?) (of calling to John not you of that you are tired yet?)

in (in)

例如：

in custa carrera cras faghent festa (in this street there is a party tomorrow) (in this street tomorrow they make party)

pro (for/to)

例如：

custos durches sunt fatos pro esser mandigados (these cookies are meant to be eaten) (these cookies are made to be eaten)

e pro cussu nois non nde andamus (therefore we do not go) (and for that we do not go)

tra (between)

例如：

non si podet fagher unu paragone tra frade tuo e frade meu (you cannot compare your brother to mine) (not you can make a comparasion between brother your and brother my)

chi b'apat carchi cosa tra issos duos ( that there should be something between the two of them)

(3)關於前置詞a，cun，de，in的詳述：

a (from/to)

a su, a sa, a sos, a sas (from/to the)

例如：

a su cumpanzu (to the friend)

a sa mama (to the mother)

a sos amigos (to the friends)

a sas sorres (to the sisters).

cun (with)

cun sa, cun su, cun sos, cun sas (with the)

例如：

cun su giometra, (with the geometry)

cun sa mastra, (with the teacher (woman))

cun sos iscolanos, (with the pupils)

cun sas bidellas (with the school clerks)

de (from/of)

de su, de sa, de sos, de sas. (from/of the...)

例如：

cussa machina est de su frade de Mario (this car is of the brother of Mario) (= this car belongs to Mario's brother)

eo so subra de su letu corcadu (I am lying on top of the bed) (I am on top of the bed stretched out)

sa litera chi l'est arrivida est de sa sorre (the letter that has arrived to him is from his sister) (the letter that him has come to is from the sister)

sa litera est subra de sa televisione (the letter is on top of the TV)

cussos trastis sunt de sos bighinos (those utensils belong to the neighbours)

nara-li de sos pitzinnos (tell him about the children) (tell him of the children)

cussas bustas de s'arga chi ant frundidu cue, sunt de sas istranzas (the sacks of garbage they have thrown there are from the tourists)

su tema de sos iscolanos no fit bene fatu (the pupils did not develop the subject properly) (the subject of the pupils was not well made)

in (in)

in su, in sa, in sos, in sas (in the...)

例如：

in su puddarzu b'at duos puddos (in the henhouse there are two roosters)

in sa tasca bi est su casu (in the saddlebag is the cheese)

in sos montes de su Gennargentu bi frocat (in the mountains of Gennargentu it snows)

in sas coberturas betzas b'at nidos de rundines (inside the old roofs there are swallows' nests) (in the

roofs old there are nests of swallows)