綿毛柳檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
綿毛柳 |
中文名:綿毛柳 學 名:Salix erioclada 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:楊柳目 科:楊柳科 屬:柳屬 組:綿毛柳組 種:綿毛柳 |
綿毛柳(學名:Salix erioclada)是楊柳科柳屬的植物,葉卵狀披針形至橢圓形,長5厘米,寬1.5厘米,是中國的特有植物。分布於中國大陸的湖北、湖南、四川、貴州等地,生長於海拔600米至1800米的地區,一般生長于山坡林邊、沼澤發或路旁,目前尚未由人工引種栽培。 [1]
綿毛柳形態特徵
灌木或小喬木。小枝密被白柔毛,後無毛,紅栗色或發黃色。
葉卵狀披針形至橢圓形,長5厘米,寬1.5厘米,先端急尖(幼葉鈍或圓形),基部狹圓形或楔形,上面暗綠色,下面有白粉或灰藍色,側脈7-12對,全緣,幼葉席捲,兩面有絹質柔毛,至少在下面有柔毛,後無毛;葉柄短,有柔毛。
花先葉開放或近同時開放,花序狹圓柱形,長(2.5)-6厘米,粗6-7毫米,軸有柔毛;雄蕊2,花絲離生,基部有柔毛,花葯小,球形,黃色;苞片倒卵形黃綠色,兩面被絹質長柔毛,或內面近無毛,長約為花絲的1/2;有腹腺和背腺,分裂或不裂;
雌花序長3-6厘米,粗4-6毫米;子房卵形或狹卵形,無柄或有短柄,被絹質絨毛,花柱明顯,約為子房長的1/3,中裂,柱頭2淺裂;苞片橢圓形,長2毫米,黃綠色(干時褐色),密被銀白色長絹毛;腺體1,腹生。
蒴果狹卵形至卵狀圓錐形,長4-6毫米,近無毛。花期4月上中旬,果期5月。 [2]
Salix erioclada Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 3: 22. 1906; et in Bull. Soc. Agr. Sarthe, 45: 381 (Fl. Kouy-Tcheou). 1915; Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 118. 1916; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 64. f. 345. 1929; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 70. t. 20: 40. 1936.
Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets reddish chestnut or yellow, densely white pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole short; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, ca. 5 × 1.5 cm, abaxially pruinose or glaucous, downy, glabrescent, adaxially dull green, base narrowly rounded or cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; young leaves convolute, silky downy, abaxially white tomentose, apex obtuse or rounded; lateral veins 7-12 on each side of midvein adaxially. Flowering precocious or coetaneous. Male catkin narrowly terete, (2.5-)6 cm × 6-7 mm; peduncle ca. 1.5 cm, with 2 or 3 leaflets; rachis downy; bracts yellowish green, obovate, silky villous or abaxially subglabrous, ca. 1/2 as long as filaments. Male flower: adaxial and abaxial glands entire or divided; stamens 2; filaments free, base downy; anthers yellow, globose, small. Female catkin 3-6 cm × 4-6 mm; bracts yellowish green (brown when dry), elliptic, ca. 2 mm, densely long silky. Female flower: gland adaxial; ovary ovoid or narrowly ovoid, silky tomentose, sessile or shortly stipitate; style ca. 1/3 as long as ovary, cleft; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule narrowly ovoid to ovoid-conical, 4-6 mm, subglabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. May.
綿毛柳生長環境
主要生長於海拔600-1800米的山坡林邊或沼澤地及路旁。