直酢漿草檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 直酢漿草 |
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中文學名:直酢漿草 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:木蘭綱 目:牻牛兒苗目 科:酢漿草科 |
直酢漿草(zhí cù jiāng cǎo)，學名：Oxalis corniculatavar. stricta，別名 Oxalis stricta Linnaeus，俗名：酸溜溜，異名：Oxalis corniculata var. stricta Oxalis diffusa Oxalis cymosa Oxalis shinanoensis Oxalis europaea Oxalis fontana Oxalis chinensis Xanthoxalis europaea Xanthoxalis stricta Acetosella fontana Xanthoxalis cymosa Acetosella chinensis Oxalis repens var. stricta ，為酢漿草科酢漿草屬下的一個變種。 [1]
直酢漿草形態特徵
一年生草本或短命多年生植物，全部營養體（除葉柄之外）分別具單毛和有隔的短柔毛。莖30厘米，幼年時單生，直立，隨生長而外傾，節上不生根；通常地下的匍匐莖宿存。
托葉缺失或圓形，不明顯。幾乎的有時的葉互生或對生或輪生； 葉柄(2-)3-8(-12)厘米，被簡單短柔毛或至少在基部被有隔的毛；小葉葉片倒心形， ( 0.3-)0.8-1.8(-2.5) × (0.3-)1.2-3(-3.5) 厘米，綠色，背面被稀疏短柔毛，正面無毛，先端深凹陷。
二歧聚傘花序，有時傘形，2-5(-7)花；花序梗長約2 倍的葉柄長或更長，基部具一膨脹的節；苞片線形，1.5-2 × 約1毫米，無毛或具很稀疏的毛。花梗(3-)5-10毫米，在果內直立，被簡單和有隔的短柔毛。
萼片線形的到狹橢圓形， 4-7 * 1-2 毫米，邊緣具緣毛。 花瓣淺黃，長圓狀倒卵形， 5-10 × 2-3 毫米。蒴果圓筒狀， 8-15 × 2-3.5 毫米，5棱，無毛或僅被具隔短柔毛。每室種子4-10，棕色到棕紅色，卵球狀長圓形，1-1.5×0.8-1毫米，具橫向的脊。花期及果期2-10月。 2n = 24。
與原種的主要區別在於莖直立，不分枝或少分枝；無托葉或托葉不明顯。
Acetosella chinensis (Haworth ex G. Don) Kuntze; A. fontana (Bunge) Kuntze; Oxalis chinensis Haworth ex G. Don; O. corniculata var. stricta (Linnaeus) C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu; O. cymosa Small; O. diffusa Boreau; O. europaea Jordon; O. fontana Bunge; O. repens Thunberg var. stricta Hatusima; O. shinanoensis T. Itô ; Xanthoxalis cymosa (Small) Small; X. europaea (Jordan) Moldenke; X. stricta (Linnaeus) Small.
Annuals or short-lived perennials, all vegetative parts (except petioles) variably pubescent with simple and multiseptate hairs. Stems to 30 cm, usually single when young, erect, branching and finally decumbent with age but not rooting at nodes; underground stolons usually present.
Stipules absent or rounded and inconspicuous. Leaves alternate or sometimes almost opposite or whorled; petiole (2-)3-8(-12) cm, pubescent with simple and at least some septate trichomes at base; leaflet blades obcordate, (0.3-)0.8-1.8(-2.5) × (0.3-)1.2-3(-3.5) cm, green, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous, apex deeply emarginate.
Inflorescences dichotomous cymes, sometimes umbellate, 2-5(-7)-flowered; peduncle ca. 2 × as long as petioles or longer, base with a swollen articulation; bracts linear, 1.5-2 × ca. 1 mm, glabrous or with very sparse trichomes.
Pedicels (3-)5-10 mm, erect in fruit, pubescent with simple and septate hairs. Sepals linear to narrowly elliptic, 4-7 × 1-2 mm, margin ciliate. Petals pale yellow, oblong-obovate, 5-10 × 2-3 mm.
Capsule cylindric, 8-15 × 2-3.5 mm, 5-sided, glabrous or pubescent with only septate trichomes. Seeds 4-10 per locule, brown to brownish red, ovoid-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1 mm, transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Feb-Oct. 2n = 24.
Forests, ravines; 400-1500 m. Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, SE Russia; E North America, introduced in Europe].
Oxalis stricta is similar in appearance to O. corniculata, and some recorded occurrence of O. stricta in China beyond those reported here represent misidentification.
分類文獻
Oxalis corniculata L. var. stricta (L.) Huang et L. R. Xu, st. nov.——O. stricta L. Sp. Pl. 433. 1753; DC. Prodr. 1: 692. 1824; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 99. 1886; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 2: 661. 1904. Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 3: 298. 1939; Gorschk. in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 14: 78. 1949; 東北草本植物志6: 3. 1977.
直酢漿草生長環境
生長於林下和溝谷潮濕處。
直酢漿草分布範圍
分布於東北和華北。東北亞、俄國、歐洲、地中海區和北美有分布。