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版納藤黃檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史

事實揭露 揭密真相
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版納藤黃

中文學名:版納藤黃

拉丁學名:Garcinia

xipshuanbannaensis Y. H. Li

界:植物界

門:被子植物門

綱:雙子葉植物綱

亞 綱:原始花被亞綱

目:側膜胎座目

亞 目:山茶亞目

科:藤黃科

亞 科:藤黃亞科

族:藤黃族

屬:藤黃屬

種:版納藤黃

命名者及年代:Y. H. Li,1981

版納藤黃(學名:Garcinia xipshuanbannaensis Y. H. Li)喬木,高6-15米。產於雲南南部西雙版納,生於海拔600米的溝谷密林中。 [1]

版納藤黃形態特徵

喬木,高6-15米。枝條褐色,具縱條紋,髓心中空,嫩枝綠色,光滑。

葉片堅紙質,橢圓形,橢圓狀披針形或卵狀披針形,長13-18厘米,寬4-8厘米,頂端漸尖或急尖,基部楔形,微下延,下面淡綠色,中脈兩面隆起,側脈8-12對,網脈多,但不明顯;葉柄長1.2-2.2厘米。

花雜性,同株,稀疏的圓錐狀聚傘花序,長達8厘米,通常頂生,稀腋生,有時在花序基部着生1個長約2.5厘米雙花的小花序;總梗和花梗具明顯的關節,花梗長0.8-1.2厘米;花橙黃色,開放時直徑約1厘米;萼片2大2小,外方2枚較短,三角狀卵形,內方2枚較長,近圓形;

花瓣幾等大,肉質,闊卵形,較萼片為長;雄蕊多數,花絲基部聯合成1輪,包圍子房,花絲粗壯,與花葯等長或更長,花葯扁球形,2室,縱裂,能育雌蕊的子房膨大,10-12室,柱頭肥厚,上面近瘤突狀,退化雌蕊的子房不膨大,柱頭扁平,光滑,高2-3毫米。

果序長5-7厘米,通常着果1-2;果成熟時黃色,直徑4-5厘米,圓球形,外面光滑無溝槽,柱頭宿存,上面具多數乳頭狀瘤突;成熟種子2-4,幾卵圓形,表面光滑,長2-2.5厘米。 花期1 2月,果期4-5月。[2]

Trees 6-15 m tall. Branches brown, striate, with hollow pith; branchlets initially green, subterete, striate, glabrous. Petiole 1.2-2.2 cm; leaf blade abaxially greenish, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 13-18 × 4-8 cm, papery, midvein raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 8-12 pairs, near margin arching and anastomosing; tertiary veins and veinlets many, inconspicuous, base cuneate and slightly decurrent, margin slightly involute, apex acuminate or acute. Plant monoecious, flowers arranged in a lax paniculiform cyme; cyme to 8 cm, usually terminal, rarely axillary, sometimes with a 2-flowered ca. 2.5 cm long cymule at base. Pedicel 0.8-1.2 cm, like peduncle distinctly articulate. Flowers orange-yellow, ca. 1 cm in diam. when open; sepals: outer 2 shorter, triangular-ovate, inner 2 longer, suborbicular; petals nearly equal, fleshy, broadly ovate, longer than sepals. Male flowers: stamens many, not fascicled; filaments united in basal cup enveloping ovary, robust, ca. as long as or longer than anthers; anthers oblate, 2-celled, cells longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode not inflated, stigma depressed, 2-3 mm high, smooth. Female flowers: ovary 10-12-loculed; stigma thick, subpapillate. Infructescence 5-7 cm, usually with 1 or 2 fruit. Mature fruit yellow, globose, 4-5 cm in diam., smooth. Seeds 2-4, nearly ovoid, 2-2.5 cm, smooth. Fl. Jan-Feb, fr. Apr-May.

版納藤黃生長環境

生長於海拔600米的溝谷密林中。

版納藤黃分布範圍

產於雲南南部西雙版納。模式標本采自雲南勐臘縣

版納藤黃近種區別

該種外形近Garcinia cambogia Desr.,不同點為雄蕊多數,退化雌蕊的柱頭近全緣,不具瘤突,中間下陷,果實光滑,無溝槽而易區別。

參考來源

  1. 版納藤黃, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. FOC >> Vol.13 (2007) >> Clusiaceae >> Garcinia