奇花柳檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
奇花柳 |
中文名:奇花柳 學 名:Salix atopantha 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:楊柳目 科:楊柳科 屬:柳屬 種:柳屬 |
奇花柳(qí huā liǔ ,學名:Salix atopantha),為雙子葉植物綱、楊柳科、柳屬的植物,是中國的特有植物。分布在中國大陸的西藏、甘肅、四川、青海等地,生長於海拔3,700米至4,100米的地區,見于山坡及山谷,目前尚未由人工引種栽培。 [1]
奇花柳形態特徵
奇花柳標本, 灌木,高1-2米。小枝黑紫色或黃紅色,初有毛,後無毛。
葉橢圓狀長圓形或長圓形,稀披針形,長1.5-2.5(4)厘米,寬5-10毫米,先端急尖或鈍,基部楔形至圓形,上面深綠色,初有柔毛,後無毛,下面帶白色,無毛,邊緣有不明顯的腺鋸齒或少數小葉全緣,側脈一般6-7對,上年的落葉發銹色;葉柄長2-6毫米。
花與葉同時開放,花序長圓形至短圓柱形,長1.5-2厘米,粗5-6毫米,有花序梗,長4-10毫米,具3-4個葉,雄蕊2,花葯球形,黃色或在花序上部者有的為紅色,花絲達中部以上有綿毛;苞片倒卵形,先端圓截形,或有不規則的淺圓齒,黃色或先端帶褐色,稍有短柔毛及緣毛,約為花絲的1/2-1/3長;
腺體2,通常圓柱形,稀先端分裂,約為苞片的1/2長;子房卵形,有密綿毛,無柄,花柱及柱頭明顯,2深裂,紅色;苞片倒卵形或橢圓形,先端圓形,常有不明顯的細圓齒,黑紅褐色,外面被白綿毛,或外面上部毛少,內面近無毛,與子房近等長;
腺體2,腹腺常2-3裂,背腺小,有時無。花期6月上、中旬,果期7月。 [2]
Salix atopantha Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 43. 1916; Hao in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 93: 70. t. 20: 39. 1936;西藏植物名錄, 44. 1980.
Shrubs to 1-2 m tall. Branchlets blackish purple or yellowish red, at first pilose, glabrescent. Petiole 2-6 mm; leaf blade elliptic-oblong or oblong, rarely lanceolate, 1.5-2.5(-4) cm × 5-10 mm, abaxially whitish, glabrous, adaxially dull brown, at first downy, glabrescent, base cuneate to rounded, margin indistinctly glandular, serrate, rarely entire, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein; fallen leaves of previous year rust colored. Flowering coetaneous. Male catkin oblong to shortly terete, 1.5-2 cm × 5-6 mm; peduncle 4-10 mm, with 3 or 4 leaflets; bracts obovate, 1/3-1/2 as long as filaments, apex rounded-truncate or irregularly shallowly crenate, yellow or apex brownish pubescent and ciliate. Male flower: glands 2, usually cylindric, ca. 1/2 as long as bracts, rarely divided; stamens 2; filaments nearly villous throughout; anthers yellow or in distal part of catkin red, globose. Female catkin with bracts dark russet, obovate or elliptic, nearly equal to ovary, abaxially woolly or sparsely pubescent distally, adaxially subglabrous, margin usually indistinctly crenulate, apex rounded. Female flower: adaxial gland usually 2- or 3-lobed, abaxial gland small or absent; ovary ovoid, woolly, sessile; style and stigma red, conspicuously 2-parted. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul.
奇花柳生長環境
主要生長於海拔3700-4100米的山坡或山谷、草甸,次生雜木林中,高山灌叢,高山灌叢草地,溝邊,灌叢中,灌木林中,河邊,河谷,河灘,河灘灌叢,林中,路邊,落葉松林中,山頂,山谷,山谷河灘,山谷松林下,山谷溪邊,山谷陰地,山腳,山腳陽坡,山坡,山坡灌叢,山坡路邊,山坡水邊,山坡陰地,石灘,水邊,水溝邊,溪邊,陽坡,陰坡,陰坡灌叢,圓柏林中,雲杉林中。 、