大花南芥檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 大花南芥 |
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中文學名:大花南芥 拉丁學名:Arabis macrantha C. C. Yuan & T. Y. Cheo 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:雙子葉植物綱 Dicotyledoneae 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 Archichlamydeae 目:罌粟目 Rhoeadales 亞 目:白花菜亞目 Capparineae 科:十字花科 Cruciferae 族:南芥族 Trib. Arabideae 屬:南芥屬 Arabis |
大花南芥（學名：Arabis macrantha）為十字花科南芥屬下的一個種，多年生草本，高15-35厘米。花期4-5月，果期5-6月，中國特有的一種植物物種，多生于山坡草叢中。 [1]
大花南芥形態特徵
主根粗壯，圓錐狀，頂端具側根。莖分枝或不分枝，直立，有細縱溝，被有單毛、2-3叉毛和星狀毛，以基部較密。
基生葉少數，簇生，葉片倒卵狀匙形至橢圓形，長1.5-5厘米，寬約15毫米，頂端鈍圓，邊緣有星狀毛，全緣或有波狀淺齒，基部下延成翅狀的葉柄；莖生葉1-4片，狹長橢圓形，長1-2.5厘米，寬約10毫米，全緣或有淺齒，頂端鈍，基部常抱莖，兩面均被星狀毛。
總狀花序頂生或腋生；有花10-15朵；萼片橢圓形，長4-5毫米，無毛；花瓣粉紅色，倒卵形，長約13毫米，寬約3毫米，頂端鈍圓，基部呈爪狀；子房長約12毫米，柱頭頭狀。
長角果線形，長3-6厘米，排列疏鬆，斜向伸展，直立，果瓣具明顯中脈，宿存花柱長達2毫米；果梗長15-20毫米。種子每室1行，約20粒，未見成熟種子。
Herbs perennial, 15-40 cm tall, often densely tomentose or pilose, with primarily short-stalked, stellate trichomes, these sometimes mixed with much fewer, simple or forked ones, rarely plants glabrescent and trichomes restricted primarily to leaf margins. Stems erect, often branched at base. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5-5 cm; leaf blade obovate-spatulate, oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 1.5-5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, base attenuate, margin dentate or entire, apex obtuse or rounded. Middle cauline leaves sessile, oblong-linear, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, 1-4(-5.5) cm × 2-8 mm, base obtuse or auriculate, margin dentate or entire. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending, (0.8-)1.2-2.4(-3) cm, slender, straight, glabrous. Sepals oblong, 3.5-5 × 1.2-1.8 mm, glabrous, lateral pair saccate. Petals white or pinkish, oblong or narrowly oblanceolate, 0.9-1.4 cm × 2-4 mm, apex obtuse. Filaments 5-8 mm; anthers oblong, 1-1.5 mm. Ovules 40-70 per ovary. Fruit 3-6 cm × 1-1.2 mm; valves with a prominent midvein extending full length, slightly torulose, glabrous; style 1-1.5 mm. Seeds brown, oblong, ca. 1.2 × 0.5 mm, uniseriate, narrowly winged apically. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. May-Jul.
Grassy slopes, rock crevices, dry cliffs, stony pastures; 2400-3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan [Kashmir, Pakistan].
Arabis bijuga, which was previously thought to be restricted to Kashmir and Pakistan, is recorded here for the first time from China. The records from Sichuan are based on Soulié 1493 (P) and the type collection of A. macrantha, Fang Wen-pei et al. 12402 (NAS, SZ); the record from Yunnan is based on Yü 8456 (BM), Forrest 20147 (E, US), and Forrest 16192 (E).
The type collection of Arabis bijuga is basically indistinguishable from those of A. macrantha and A. pangiensis except for being glabrescent (vs. moderately to densely tomentose). However, this difference alone does not justify the recognition of more than one species.
大花南芥生長環境
生長于山坡草叢中。