單毛刺蒴麻檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 單毛刺蒴麻 |
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中文學名:單毛刺蒴麻 二名法:Triumfetta annua L. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:雙子葉植物綱 Dicotyledoneae 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 Archichlamydeae 目:錦葵目 Malvales 科:椴樹科 Tiliaceae 亞 科:椴樹亞科 Subfam. Tilioideae 族:刺蒴麻族 Trib. Triumfetteae 屬:刺蒴麻屬 Triumfetta |
單毛刺蒴麻，一年生草本或半灌木，葉紙質，卵形或卵狀披針形，先端尾狀漸尖，基部圓形或微心形，兩面有稀疏單長毛，基出脈3-5條。聚傘花序腋生，花序柄極短，花瓣比萼片稍短，黃色。蒴果扁球形，無毛，具刺，刺先端彎勾，基部有毛。花期秋季。 [1]
形態特徵
草本或亞灌木；嫩枝被黃褐色茸毛。
葉紙質，卵形或卵狀披針形，長5-11cm，寬3-7cm，先端尾狀漸尖，基部圓形或微心形，兩面有稀疏單長毛，基出脈3-5條，側脈向上行超過葉片中部，邊緣有鋸齒；葉柄長1-5cm，有疏長毛。
聚傘花序腋生，花序柄極短；花柄長3-6mm；苞片長2-3mm，均被長毛；萼片長5mm，先端有角；花瓣比萼片稍短，倒披針形；雄蕊10枚；子房被刺毛，3-4室，花柱短，柱頭2-3淺裂。
蒴果扁球形；刺長5-7mm，無毛，先端彎勾，基部有毛。
Herbs annual, or subshrubs. Branchlets yellow-brown tomentose. Stipule narrowly triangular; petiole 1-7.5 cm, sparsely simple-pilose; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-13 × 3-7 cm, papery, sparsely pilose, both surfaces simple-pilose, basal veins 3-5, 2 lateral ones ascending beyond 1/2 blade, base rounded or subcordate, margin serrate, apex caudate or acuminate. Peduncle very short. Pedicel 3-6 mm, villous. Bracts 2-3 mm, villous. Flower bud nearly glabrous. Sepals ca. 5 mm, tips appendaged. Petals oblanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals. Stamens 10. Ovary 3- or 4-loculed, spiny; style very short; stigma 2-3-lobed. Capsule impressed globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., spiny, dehiscent, 3- or 4-valved; spines 3-7 mm, glabrous or hairy at base, tip hooked. Fl. autumn.
Open areas, roadsides. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan; Africa].
Triumfetta annua was incorrectly named as T. suffruticosa Blume by some authors, including Merrill; it has also been confused with T. japonica Makino, which is restricted to Japan, Korea, and the Philippines.
生長環境
生長於荒野及路旁。該種河南原無記錄，本次發現於黃柏山韭菜崖溝下老林點處。
分布範圍
單毛刺蒴麻分布於雲南、四川、湖北、貴州、廣西、廣東、江西、浙江等地。
花果期
花期秋季。
經濟用途
莖皮纖維可作繩索及織物。