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鬼蜡烛 |
中文名称:鬼蜡烛 拉丁学名:Phleum paniculatum Huds. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:单子叶植物纲 目:禾本目 科:禾本科 属:梯牧草属 |
鬼蜡烛(guǐ là zhú),学名:Phleum paniculatum Huds.,俗名:假看麦娘,异名:Phleum japonicum Chilochloa paniculata Phleum asperum ,是禾本科,梯牧草属多年生草本植物。一年生。秆细瘦,直立,丛生,基部常膝曲,高3-45厘米,具3-5节。叶鞘短于节间,紧密或松弛;叶舌膜质,长2-4毫米;叶片扁平,长1.5-15厘米,宽2-6毫米,先端尖。圆锥花序紧密,呈窄的圆柱状,长0.8-10厘米,宽4-8毫米,成熟后草黄色;小穗楔形或倒卵形,产我国长江流域和山西、陕西、甘肃等省。生于海拔1800米以下之山坡、道旁、田野以及池沼旁。 [1]
形态特征
一年生。秆细瘦,直立,丛生,基部常膝曲,高3-45厘米,具3-5节。叶鞘短于节间,紧密或松弛;叶舌膜质,长2-4毫米;叶片扁平,长1.5-15厘米,宽2-6毫米,先端尖。
圆锥花序紧密,呈窄的圆柱状,长0.8-10厘米,宽4-8毫米,成熟后草黄色;小穗楔形或倒卵形,长2-3毫米;颖具3脉,脉间具深沟,脊上无毛或具硬纤毛;
先端具长约0.5毫米的尖头;外稃卵形,长1.3-2毫米,贴生短毛;内稃几等长于外稃;花药长约0.8毫米。颖果长约1毫米。花果期4-8月。
FOC >> Vol.22 (2006) >> Poaceae >> Phleum 1.Phleum paniculatum Hudson 鬼蜡烛 gui la zhu
Chilochloa paniculata (Hudson) P. Beauvois; Phleum asperum Jacquin; P. japonicum Franchet & Savatier.
Annual, tufted. Culms erect or geniculate at base, slender, 3–45 cm tall, 3–5-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous, upper slightly inflated; leaf blades soft, 1.5–15 cm, 2–6 mm wide, glabrous, margins scabrid, apex acute; ligule 2–4 mm, obtuse.
Panicle narrowly cylindrical, 1–10 × 0.4–0.8 cm, yellowish green; branches free from central axis. Spikelets obovate-cuneate, 2–3 mm; rachilla extension present; glumes inflated toward apex, narrowed toward base, deeply channeled between veins, scabrid, keel glabrous or shortly pectinate, apex truncate, cuspidate into a hard 0.3–0.6 mm mucro; lemma 1.3–2 mm, 5-veined, sparsely appressed-pubescent, apex subobtuse; anthers 0.4–0.8 mm. Caryopsis ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Aug. 2n = 28.
Mountain slopes, riversides, field margins, roadsides; ca. 1800 m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang (Lin'an) [Afghanistan, NW India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe].
分类文献
Phleum paniculatum Huds. Fl. Angl. 23. 1762; Ohwi, Fl. Japan 85. 1956; 禾本科图说550.图479. 1959; 江苏南部种子植物手册62.图92. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 403. 1960; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 101.图7032.1976; 秦岭植物志1 (1) : 134, 1976; Tzvel. Poac. URSS 366. 1976; 江苏植物志 (上) : 202. 图339. 1977.——Phleum asperum Jacq. coll. 1: 110. 1786; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 237. 1897; Pilger in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 224. 1900; Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 384. 1904.
产地生境
产我国长江流域和山西、陕西、甘肃等省。生于海拔1800米以下之山坡、道旁、田野以及池沼旁。在欧亚大陆的温带地区也有分布。模式标本采自英国。 [2] [3]