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中文名:韦菅 学 名:Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) A. Camus 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:单子叶植物纲 目:禾本目 科:禾本科 族:高粱族 属:菅属 种:韦菅 |
韦菅(jū zhōng jiān)，学名： Themeda × intermedia (Hack.) Bor，异名：Themeda gigantea subsp. intermedia ，属禾本科， 多年生，丛生草本；高1-3米。秆坚实，髓白色，下部直径1-1.5厘米，圆形或两侧压扁，平滑而具光泽。叶鞘平滑无毛，具粗脊；叶舌长约2毫米，膜质；叶片线形，长0.5-1米，宽1-1.5厘米，向基渐狭，顶端渐尖，两面粗糙，边缘微卷，粗糙。分布于广西、贵州、云南等地。 [1]
形态特征
多年生，丛生草本；高1-3米。秆坚实，髓白色，下部直径1-1.5厘米，圆形或两侧压扁，平滑而具光泽。叶鞘平滑无毛，具粗脊；叶舌长约2毫米，膜质；叶片线形，长0.5-1米，宽1-1.5厘米，向基渐狭，顶端渐尖，两面粗糙，边缘微卷，粗糙。佛焰苞的总状花序组成多回复出的伪圆锥花序；佛焰苞披针状舟形，长2-3.5厘米；总状花序长1.5-3厘米（除芒长），通常由7-9小穗组成。总苞状，小穗着生不在同一水平，皆为雄性或中性，披针形，长1-1.5厘米，颖被金黄色瘤基毛。无柄小穗长圆形；颖革质，褐色，密被褐色短毛或渐脱落；第二小花外稃退化为芒基；芒粗壮，1-2回膝曲，长4-6厘米。有柄小穗形似总苞状小穗。花果期9月至次年4月。
Themeda arundinacea (Roxburgh) A. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine. 17: 363. 1922. 韦菅 wei jian
Anthistiria arundinacea Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1: 256. 1820; A. subsericans Nees ex Steudel; Cymbopogon arundinaceus (Roxburgh) Schultes; Themeda gigantea (Cavanilles) Hackel subsp. arundinacea (Roxburgh) Hackel; T. gigantea var. sub-sericans (Nees ex Steudel) Hackel; T. subsericans (Nees ex Steudel) Ridley.
Perennial. Culms tufted, reedlike, stout, up to 6 m tall, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Leaf sheaths glabrous; leaf blades 50–100 × 1–1.5 cm, scabrid, gradually narrowed to the thick white midrib toward base, acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm.
Compound panicle large with many drooping branches, each branch bearing spathes subtending 2–3 spatheoles; spatheoles 2–3.5 cm, glabrous; peduncle pubescent at apex. Raceme composed of 0–2 spikelet pairs and a terminal triad above the involucre of 2 homogamous pairs.
Homogamous spikelets arising at slightly different levels, male or barren, 12–20 mm, linear-lanceolate, densely hispid with long, golden, tubercle-based hairs, finely acuminate.
Sessile spikelet 7–9.5 mm; callus 2–3.5 mm, narrowly cuneate; lower glume oblong-lanceolate, densely strigose with golden or brown hairs, hairs usually deciduous; awn 4–9 cm. Pedicelled spikelet 13–20 mm. Fl. and fr. Sep–Apr.
产地生境
Mountain slopes, valley grasslands; 700–2000 m. Guangxi, Gui-zhou, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, N India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Themeda arundinacea belongs to a group of giant Themeda species with stout, solid, reedlike culms and large, drooping panicles, also including T. caudata, T. intermedia, T. trichiata, and T. villosa. Most were treated in old literature at infraspecific rank under T. gigantea (Cavanilles) Hackel, which name is now applied only to a form endemic in the Philippines with awnless racemes of small, hairy spikelets. The species of this complex probably intergrade, and variation is not well understood.
Smaller forms of Themeda arundinacea with culms to 3 m tall, shorter spikelets, and shorter, weaker awns (3–4.5 cm) are sometimes separated as T. subsericans.