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异子蓬

原图链接 来自植物智

中文学名:异子蓬 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:木兰纲 目:石竹目 科:藜科 属名：异子蓬属Borszczowia 科名：藜科 Chenopodiaceae

异子蓬，学名 Borszczowia aralocaspica Bge.，一年生草本，茎高20-50厘米，基部木质化；枝斜升，圆柱状，微有棱。叶灰绿色，先端钝或急尖。雌雄花混生于团伞花序中；雄花花被稍肉质；雌花花被透明膜质，果时随子房一起增大，包围果实。胞果呈浆果状。

生态特征

每年9月底10月初，当你进入准噶尔盆地，会在盐碱地或者沙丘间的低地看到果实状如葡萄的一种植物，这种植物就是藜科（Chenopodiaceae）异子蓬属（Borszczowia）的异子蓬（Borszczowia aralocaspica）。

一年生草本，茎高20-50厘米，基部木质化；枝斜升，圆柱状，微有棱。

叶灰绿色，长1-3厘米，宽2-3毫米，先端钝或急尖，基部渐狭，斜伸，直或稍弯曲。雌雄花混生于团伞花序中；雄花花被稍肉质，裂片三角形，先端略呈兜状，开展，具3条在先端汇合的脉，花丝丝状，多弯曲，花药长0.6-0.7毫米; 雌花花被透明膜质，果时随子房一起增大，包围果实，柱头2-3，黑褐色，花柱不明显。

原图链接 来自植物智

胞果呈浆果状，大型果长6-8毫米，果皮具绿色细脉，种子圆形，直径2.5-3毫米，褐色；小型果长约3毫米，种子卵形，直径约2毫米，黑色，有光泽。花果期8-9月。

分布

原图链接 来自中国植物

分布中亚，我国仅产于新疆的准噶尔盆地南缘。

相关研究

选择能产生异型果实和种子的一年生盐生植物异子蓬(Suaeda aralocaspica)为研究对象, 研究其生殖分配和结实格局。结果表明, 异子蓬具有较高的生殖分配和规律性的“谨慎型”结实格局。异子蓬的生殖分配高达56%。在资源充裕时, 该植物对扁圆形棕色种子(采取机会主义的萌发策略)的投资多于双凸镜形黑色种子(采取谨慎的萌发策略)的投资。异子蓬的花序类型为二歧聚伞花序, 单个果序含果实(种子)的数目为1–15个, 最多可分为4级。果序内果实的分布具有一定的规律: 第一级1个果实, 第二级2个, 第三级4个, 第四级8个。异子蓬优先将资源供给黑色种子的果实, 利用不同类型种子的发育顺序, 首先保证黑色种子的产出。具有较高的生殖分配和采取“谨慎”的生殖策略是异子蓬与其所处盐漠环境长期适应的结果。

Abstract:

Aims Suaeda aralocaspica is an annual halophyte native to the inland salt desert of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. It produces two clearly defined types of fruits and seeds on the same plant. Our objective was to investigate reproductive allocation and fruit-set pattern of this species. Methods We randomly selected 11 plants of S. aralocaspica in a population and measured the canopy diameter, shoot length, and root length and biomass allocation. We randomly selected 30 primal branches, 30 secondary branches and 30 tertiary branches, and then counted the fruit number for different node sites. We also determined the position of each fruit (seed) in the infructescence for three consecutive growing seasons. Important findings Suaeda aralocaspica had high biomass allocation to reproductive organs and a regular fruit-set pattern that is a cautious strategy. The reproductive allocation of biomass in S. aralocaspica plants reached 56%, which is much higher than that of most annual and perennial plants. A greater proportion of biomass was allocated to oblate brown seeds (opportunistic germination strategy) than to elliptical black seeds (cautious germination strategy). The inflorescence (dichasium) may contain from one to fifteen fruits in one to four orders. The first order contains a single fruit, the second order two fruits, the third four and the fourth eight. Suaeda aralocaspica allocated resources first to black-seeded fruits. Thus, S. aralocaspica has high reproductive allocation and a cautious reproductive strategy that is adapted to the salt desert.