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大叶蛇葡萄 |
中文名:大叶蛇葡萄 二名法:Ampelopsis megalophylla 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:蔷薇亚纲 目:葡萄目 科:葡萄科 属:蛇葡萄属 种:大叶蛇葡萄 云南等地 |
大叶蛇葡萄(dà yè shé pú táo,学名 Ampelopsis megalophylla Diels et Gilg),木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,无毛。卷须3分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生。产甘肃、陕西、湖北、四川、贵州、云南。 [1]
大叶蛇葡萄形态特征
木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,无毛。卷须3分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生。
叶为二回羽状复叶,基部一对小叶常为3小叶或稀为羽状复叶,小叶长椭圆形或卵椭圆形,长4-12厘米,宽2-6厘米,顶端渐尖,基部微心形、圆形或近截形,边缘每侧有3-15个粗锯齿,上面绿色,下面粉绿色,两面均无毛;
侧脉4-7对,网脉微突出;叶柄长3-8厘米,无毛,顶生小叶柄长1-3厘米,侧生小叶柄长0-1厘米,无毛。
花序为伞房状多歧聚伞花序或复二歧聚伞花序,顶生或与叶对生;花序梗长3.5-6厘米,无毛;花梗长2-3毫米,顶端较粗,无毛;花蕾近球形,高1-1.5毫米,顶端圆形;
萼碟形,边缘呈波状浅裂或裂片呈三角形,无毛;花瓣5,椭圆形,高0.7-1.2毫米,无毛; 雄蕊5,花药椭圆形,长略甚于宽;花盘发达,波状浅裂;子房下部与花盘合生,花柱钻形,柱头不明显扩大。
果实微呈倒卵圆形,直径0.6-1厘米,有种子1-4颗;种子倒卵形,顶端圆形,基部喙尖锐,种脐在种子背面中部呈椭圆形,上部种脊突出,腹部中棱脊突出,两侧洼穴呈沟状,从种子基部向上达种子上部1/3处。
花期6-8月,果期7-10月。[2]
分类
Ampelopsis megalophylla Diels & Gilg in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 29: 466. 1900; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 322. f. 2131. 1909; Gagnep. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 101. 1911; Prain in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 14: 37. t. 85. 1914; Rehd. & Wils. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 8: 169. 1927 et Man. Cult. Trees & Shrubs. 618. 1940; Chien in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 63. 1927; 胡先骕, 经济植物手册下册 961. 1957; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 781. 1972; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 90. 1979. in clavi; 中国高等植物图鉴补编 2: 355. 图8853. 1983; 福建植物志 3: 382. 图269. 1988.
英文介绍
Branchlets terete; tendrils trifurcate. Leaves bipinnate, with basal pinnae usually 3-foliolate, or rarely pinnately compound; petiole 3-8 cm; central petiolule 1-3 cm, lateral petiolules absent to 1 cm; leaflets oblong or ovate-elliptic, 4-12 × 2-6 cm, lateral veins 4-8 pairs, veinlets slightly raised, base slightly cordate, rounded, or subtruncate, margin 3-15-toothed on each side, apex acuminate. Inflorescence corymbose or a broad compound dichasium, terminal or leaf-opposed; peduncle 3.5-6 cm. Pedicel 2-3 mm. Buds globose, 1-1.5 mm, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous, undulately lobed or lobes triangular. Petals elliptic, 0.7-1.2 mm, glabrous. Anthers elliptic. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style conical. Berry slightly obovoid, 6-10 mm in diam., 1-4-seeded. Seeds obovoid, chalazal knot elliptic. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Forests, shrublands in valleys, mountain slopes, hilltops, valleys; 600-2000 m. Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
1 Petiole and peduncle glabrous. 11a var. megalophylla 大叶蛇葡萄(原变种)
+ Petiole and peduncle pubescent. 11b var. jiangxiensis 柔毛大叶蛇葡萄
大叶蛇葡萄生长环境
生长习性生山谷或山坡林中,海拔1000-2000米。[3]
大叶蛇葡萄分布范围
产地分布