喜馬拉雅崖爬藤檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
喜馬拉雅崖爬藤 |
中文學名:喜馬拉雅崖爬藤 拉丁學名:Tetrastigma rumicispermum (M. A. Lawson) Planch. 界:植物界 屬:崖爬藤屬 生活型:木質藤本 花 期:4-5月 |
喜馬拉雅崖爬藤(xǐ mǎ lā yǎ yá pá téng,學名 Tetrastigma rumicispermum (Laws.) Planch.,異名:Vitis rumicisperma Cayratia kiujiangensis )為崖爬藤屬一植物種,木質藤本。多生於生山坡或河谷林中。 [1]
喜馬拉雅崖爬藤形態特徵
木質藤本。小枝圓柱形,老枝有顯著瘤狀突起,無毛。卷鬚2叉分枝,相隔2節間斷與葉對生。
葉為鳥足狀5小葉,中央小葉倒卵橢圓形,長4-17厘米,寬3-8厘米,頂端急尖或短尾尖,基部楔形,側生小葉基部不對稱,邊緣每側有7-16個細牙齒,上面綠色,下面淺綠色,兩面均無毛或嫩葉時中脈上微被毛;
側脈7-19對,網脈不明顯;葉柄長3-14厘米,中央小葉柄長1-3厘米,側生小葉總柄長0.5-1.8厘米,側生小葉柄長0.5-1.8厘米,無毛。
花序腋生或側枝上與葉對生,二級分枝4,集生成傘形;花序梗長3-8厘米,被短柔毛或幾無毛;花梗長1-3毫米,被乳突狀柔毛或幾無毛;花蕾橢圓形或倒卵圓形,高2-2.5毫米,頂端圓形;
萼淺碟形,邊緣呈波狀,外面無毛;花瓣4,橢圓形,高1.8-2.3毫米,頂端呈風帽狀,無毛;雄蕊4,花葯黃色,在雌花內雄蕊顯著短而敗育;花盤在雄花中發達,4淺裂,在雌花中較薄;
子房圓錐形,下部與花盤合生,花柱短,柱頭4裂。果實近球形,直徑0.8-1厘米,有種子2-3顆;
種子倒三角形,頂端凹,基部漸狹成喙,種臍在種子背面中部上下呈帶形,兩側橫肋凸出,尖銳,腹部中棱脊突出,兩側窪穴呈溝狀,從中部向上斜展達種子上部1/3處,周圍有突出短橫肋紋。
花期4-5月,果期7月至翌年5月。 [2]
分類
Tetrastigma rumicispermum (Laws.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 429. 1887; Momiyama in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 1: 201. 1966 et in Hara & Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nep. 2: 95. 1979.——Vitits rumicisperma Laws. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 661. 1875.——Cayratia kiujiangense C. Y. Wu ex W. T. Wang in Fl. Xizang. 3: 228. t. 96: 5. 1986 et Vasc. Pl. Hengd. Mount. 1: 1166. 1993.
英文介紹
Lianas, woody. Branchlets terete, conspicuously tuberculate when old, glabrous; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate; petiole 3-14 cm; central petiolule 1-3 cm, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 0.5-1.8 cm, lateral petiolules 0.5-1.8 cm, glabrous; central leaflet obovate-elliptic, 4-17 × 3-8 cm, glabrous or pilose on midvein when young, lateral veins 7-19 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous, base cuneate, base of lateral leaflets asymmetric, margin with 7-16 denticles on each side, apex acute or mucronate. Inflorescence axillary or leaf-opposed on lateral branches, umbelliform; peduncle 3-8 cm, pubescent or glabrous. Pedicel 1-3 mm, papillose or glabrescent. Buds elliptic or obovoid-elliptic, 2-2.5 mm, apex rounded. Calyx shallow and saucer-shaped, glabrous, margin undulate. Petals elliptic, 1.8-2.3 mm, apex galeate, glabrous. Anthers yellow. Disk well developed in male flowers, 4-lobed, thin in female flowers. Ovary coniform, lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style inconspicuous; stigma 4-lobed. Berry globose, 8-10 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Seeds obovoid-triangular, base attenuate, apex retuse, ventral holes furrowed upward 1/3 from middle. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-next May.
Forests on hillsides or in valleys; 500-2500 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
1 Ovary glabrous. 31a var. rumicispermum 喜馬拉雅崖爬藤
+ Ovary ferruginous pilose. 31b var. lasiogynum 銹毛喜馬拉雅崖爬藤
喜馬拉雅崖爬藤生長環境
生長在海拔500-2450米山坡或河谷林中。
喜馬拉雅崖爬藤分布範圍
產於雲南、西藏。越南、老撾、泰國、印度、尼泊爾、不丹和錫金也有分布。 [3]
喜馬拉雅崖爬藤物種區別
在西藏察隅採集的標本近年曾被放到烏烏蘞莓屬Cayratia Juss.植物中作為新種發表,作者檢查了藏於英國邱園標本館本種模式標本和本種分布區植物的變異之後,發現上述中國西藏產的植物應屬崖爬藤屬植物,並僅是本種廣布區域範圍內的群體變異,其主側脈間小側脈有時較長或有時較短,似乎形成多脈少脈的區分,但這種特點無明顯的間斷將上述植物區分成兩個植物類群,更難於劃分成兩個種。