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南方吻兰

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中文名:南方吻兰 拼 音:nán fāng wěn lán 学 名:Collabium delavayi (Gagnep.) Seidenf. 界:植物界 亚 界:绿色植物亚界 总 门:轮藻总门 门:木贼门（有胚植物门） 亚 门:木贼亚门（维管植物亚门） 纲:木兰纲（被子植物纲） 亚 纲:百合亚纲 超 目:天门冬超目 目:天门冬目 科:兰科 属:吻兰属 种:南方吻兰

南方吻兰(nán fāng wěn lán，学名 Collabium delavayi (Gagnepain) Seidenfaden，异名：Tainia delavayi Collabiopsis delavayi Chrysoglossum delavayi )，兰科，吻兰属植物，产于广东、广西、云南、贵州、湖北、湖南等地。

生态特征

Tainia delavayi Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 4: 708. 1932; Chrysoglossum delavayi (Gagnepain) Tang & F. T. Wang; Collabiopsis delavayi (Gagnepain) S. S. Ying.

Rhizome to 30 cm, 1.5-2 mm in diam., not branching. Pseudobulbs: leaf-bearing ones borne 6.5-8 cm apart, 1.5-2 × ca. 0.2 cm, rather angular in section;

inflorescence-bearing ones 1.5-2 cm from leaf-bearing ones, smaller, cylindric. Leaf blade ovate-oblong, 5.5-12 × 2.5-4.3 cm, acute to acuminate; petiole 0.4-1.1 cm. Peduncle 13-17 cm;

rachis to 8 cm, 4-7-flowered; floral bracts ovate-oblong, 0.6-1.1 cm × 2-5.5 mm, acute. Flowers recorded as white, with violet tips to sepals, yellowish with red lines, or purple;

pedicel and ovary 12-13 cm. Dorsal sepal obovate to linear-lanceolate, 16-18 × 2-4 mm, 3-veined, acute to acuminate; lateral sepals unequal in size and shape, one more falcate than other, obovate to linear-lanceolate, 13-16.5 × 2-3 mm, 3-veined, acuminate.

Petals similar to sepals, slightly falcate, 12-16.5 × 2-2.5 mm, 3-veined, acute to acuminate; lip 13-15.5 mm, 3-lobed; hypochile 7-10 × 9-10 mm; claw 4.5-5.5 mm;

lateral lobes erect, subovate, somewhat falcate, 6-7.5 × 2.5-4 mm, distally obtuse to acute and irregularly toothed to lacerate; epichile broadly obovate to transversely elliptic, 5.5-6 × 7-8 mm, margin toothed to lacerate, apex truncate to somewhat emarginate, somewhat recurved;

lateral keels 2, between lateral lobes turning into an erect, incurved ligulate lobe with a rounded top, each keel continuing as an entire, thin crest, ending halfway or on top of epichile;

median keel commencing from fleshy part between elevation of keels as a low, fleshy, entire ridge ending on basal half or top half of epichile. Column 9-10 mm, top part truncate, acutely tipped;

column foot spur saccate, cylindric, 5-6.5 mm. Fl. Jun, Nov.

生境产地

● Primary forests, along streams, ravines, on rocks; 400-2400 m. Guangdong, N Guangxi, NE Guizhou, W Hubei, S Hunan, SE Yunnan.

植物文化

兰花是中国最古老的花卉之一，早在帝尧之世就有种植兰花的传说。古人认为兰花“香”、“花”、“叶”三美俱全，又有“气清”、“色清”、“神清”、“韵清”四清，是“理想之美，万化之神奇”。最早赋予兰花一定人文精神的是孔子，据东汉蔡邕《琴操》载：孔子自卫反鲁，隐谷之中，见幽兰独茂，蔚然叹曰：“兰当为王者香”。

真正的兰花文化则起源于战国时期楚国的爱国诗人屈原，他种兰、爱兰、咏兰，以兰花为寄托，千百年来一直影响着后人。后世诗人在咏兰时，也有许多的名句，比如陈子昂的“岁华尽摇落，芳意竟何成”。刘克庄的“一从夫子临轩顾，羞伍凡葩斗艳涛”。诗人们将兰花的高洁与人格的完美联系起来，使得兰花文化不断得以拓展和延续。

兰花以高洁、清雅、幽香而著称，叶姿优美，花香幽远。自古以来，兰花都被誉为美好事物的象征，已广泛在民间人格化了。兰花对社会生活与文化艺术发生了巨大的影响。父母以兰命名以表心，画家取兰作画以寓意，诗人咏兰赋诗以言志。兰花的形象和气质久已深入人心，并起着潜移默化的作用。古代舞剧以“兰步”、“兰指”为优美动作，把优秀的文学作品和书法作品称为“兰章”，把真挚的友谊叫做“兰交”，把人的芳洁、美慧喻为“兰心蕙质”。又把杰出人物的去世比作“兰摧玉拆”。兰花在中国人民心目中，已经成为一切美好事物的寄寓和象征。