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花擦木

原图链接 来自植物智

中文名:花擦木 拉丁学名:Sinosassafras flavinervium (C. K. Allen) H. W. Li 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:毛茛目 科:樟科 亚 科:樟亚科 属:花擦木属 分布区域:云南省、 西藏自治区

花擦木(huá chá mù，学名 Sinosassafras flavinervium (C. K. Allen) H. W. Li，俗名：香果树、黄脉钓樟，异名：Lindera flavinervia )，是双子叶植物纲、樟科、花擦木属乔木，高4-15（25）米，胸径10-30厘米；树皮灰褐色，有不规则裂纹，皮层黄褐色，厚达5毫米以上，无香味。枝条近圆柱形，幼时明显具棱角，粗糙、绿色，干时黑褐色，无毛，老枝有时有近圆形纵裂的皮孔。顶芽大，卵形至长圆形，产云南西部、西藏东南部。

形态特征

乔木，高4-15（25）米，胸径10-30厘米；树皮灰褐色，有不规则裂纹，皮层黄褐色，厚达5毫米以上，无香味。

原图链接 来自植物智

枝条近圆柱形，幼时明显具棱角，粗糙、绿色，干时黑褐色，无毛，老枝有时有近圆形纵裂的皮孔。顶芽大，卵形至长圆形，长0.9-1.5厘米，芽鳞外面密被金黄色绢质柔毛。

原图链接 来自植物智

原图链接 来自植物智

原图链接 来自植物智

叶互生，宽椭圆形至近圆形，长6-12厘米，宽3.5-6.5（10）厘米，先端急尖或短渐尖，基部宽楔形，边缘背卷，薄革质，上面绿色，有光泽，下面灰绿色，侧脉每边约6条，最基部一对近对生，自基部以上5-9毫米弧曲分出，与中脉两面均明显，黄色，网脉两面明显突出；叶柄长(1)1.5-2.5(3.5)厘米，无毛。

伞形花序有花(3) 5-6朵，多数着生于叶腋长1-1.5厘米具顶芽的小枝上，总梗极短，约长0.5毫米，被极细微柔毛；苞片早落。雄花绿或绿黄色，具梗；花梗长(3)4-5毫米，被淡黄色微柔毛；

花被片6，不等大，两面无毛；雄蕊9，近等长，第一、二轮长约2.5毫米，花丝长1毫米，花药菱状宽卵形，长1.5毫米，第三轮雄蕊略短，花丝近基部有2个具短柄宽肾形腺体；

退化子房近球形，长约1毫米，无毛；花柱柱状，长1.5毫米，柱头盾形。雌花绿色，花梗长2毫米，被淡黄色极细微柔毛；花被片6，近等大，雄蕊9，长约1.5毫米，外方5-6枚花丝无腺体，花药菱状宽卵形，内方5-6枚花丝基部有2个近无柄卵状肾形大腺体，花药退化成棍棒状；

子房球形，直径约1.2毫米，无毛，花柱粗壮，长约1.3毫米，柱头盾形，直径1.5毫米，具乳突。果近球形，直径达8毫米，鲜时绿色，干时黑色，无毛；

果梗长达8毫米，粗壮，果托长2一3毫米，宽4毫米。花、果期6-11月。

分类文献

Lindera flavinervia C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 30. 1941.

Trees, 4-15(-25) m tall, 10-30 cm d.b.h. Bark gray-brown, irregularly dehiscent-striate; phloem yellow-brown, more than 5 mm thick. Branchlets green but black-brown when dry, subterete, distinctly angular when young, scabrous, glabrous, sometimes with suborbicular and longitudinally dehiscent lenticels.

Terminal bud large, ovoid to oblong, 0.9-1.5 cm; bud scales densely golden sericeous-pubescent outside. Leaves alternate; petiole (1-)1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green and shiny, broadly elliptic to suborbicular, 6-12 × 3.5-6.5(-10) cm, thinly leathery, triplinerved, lateral veins ca. 6 pairs, basal lateral veins arcuate-ascendant 1-5 mm above leaf base, basal veins and midrib distinct and yellow on both surfaces, reticulate veins distinctly elevated on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate, margin revolute, apex shortly acuminate. Pseudoumbels (3-)5- or 6-flowered, solitary or 2(or 3) inserted in leaf axils and always 3 to many inserted on axillary leafless short shoot with a poorly developed terminal bud; peduncles ca. 0.5 mm, pubescent; involucral bracts caducous.

Male flowers green or green-yellow; pedicels (3-)4-5 mm, yellowish pubescent; perianth segments 6, unequal, glabrous; fertile stamens 9, subequal, those of 1st and 2nd whorls ca. 1.5 mm, with filaments ca. 1 mm and broadly rhomboid-ovoid anthers ca. 1.5 mm, those of 3rd whorl somewhat shorter and filaments with 2 shortly stipitate broadly reniform glands near base; rudimentary ovary subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; style terete, ca. 1.5 mm; stigma peltate.

Female flowers green; pedicels ca. 2 mm, yellowish pubescent; perianth segments 6, subequal; staminodes 9, ca. 1.5 mm, outer 3(or 4) each with eglandular filament and broadly rhomboid-ovoid anther, inner 5(or 6) each with 2-glandular filament and clavate rudimentary anther; glands subsessile and ovoid-reniform; ovary globose, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., glabrous; style stout, ca. 1.3 mm; stigma peltate, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., papillose. Fruits green when fresh, black when dry, subglobose, up to 8 mm in diam., glabrous; fruiting pedicels up to 8 mm, robust; fruit cupule 2-3 × ca. 4 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Nov.

● Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests, thickets, forest margins or roadsides on mountain slopes or in valleys. SE Xizang, W Yunnan.

The seed oil is used as a lubricant or for making soap; it is also used for lighting by local people.The seed oil is used as a lubricant or for making soap; it is also used for lighting by local people.

产地生境

产云南西部、西藏东南部。生于山坡或沟谷次生常绿阔叶林、灌丛、林缘及路旁。

价值

种子含脂肪，可供制皂及润滑油；群众用以榨油点灯。