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 二分果狐尾藻

来自 植物智 的图片

中文名:二分果狐尾藻

二名法:Myriophyllum

dicoccum F.Muell.

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:双子叶植物纲

目:虎耳草目

科:小二仙草科

属:狐尾藻属

二分果狐尾藻(èr fēn guǒ hú wěi zǎo),学名 Myriophyllum dicoccum F. Mueller ,小二仙草科狐尾藻属多年生沉水草本植物, 根状茎发达, 在底泥中蔓延, 节部生根。茎圆柱形,顶部伸出水面,少分枝,叶通常5片轮生,蓖状分裂,茎顶部水上叶披针形或匙形,有齿刻或不明显的锯齿,渐次变成苞片状、掌状浅裂,花单生于叶腋,具短梗,花小、单性,雌雄同株,上部为雄花,下部为雌花;萼管四棱形、花瓣匙形,扁平,膜质,柱头有乳头状突起。果直径2毫米,成熟时褐色。花期3-9月,果期4-10月。 图片取自中国植物图库 。 [1]

形态特征

植株雌雄同株和具两性的花。 茎疏生枝,30-50(-80)厘米; 节间的2-12毫米。沉水叶散布或者2-5轮,栉状,概括地宽卵形, 2-3 * 1-2 厘米;

裂片在4-12 对,丝状,5-10毫米,细短尖的先端;出水的叶互生,线形对狭倒披针形, 0.7-1.7 * 0.5-1.5 厘米,边缘全缘或短齿。花序腋生,不规则二歧聚伞花序1-5花的;

雌花残留整个浸泡发育,雄花和两性花生于出水的茎;苞片叶状; 小苞片正三角形,不显眼。 雄花无梗,4瓣; 萼片正三角形,长约0.2毫米;花瓣红色,长约1.8毫米,晚早落;雄蕊4。

雌花无梗或有花梗,2瓣; 萼片正三角形,长约0.1毫米;花瓣无的或残迹; 子房2室; 花柱棍棒状 柱头红色,头状,不流苏状。 两性的花无梗,4瓣;

在花粉之后的柱头发达释放,流苏状。 果无梗或有短花梗,橄榄棕色,2室(雌花)或4室(两性花),长约1毫米;分果爿圆筒状,滤波或者稀少具瘤,先端截形。 花期以及果期5-9月。

Plants monoecious and with bisexual flowers. Stem sparsely branched, 30-50(-80) cm; internodes 2-12 mm. Submerged leaves scattered or 2-5-whorled, pectinate, broadly ovate in outline, 2-3 × 1-2 cm; segments in 4-12 pairs, filiform, 5-10 mm, apex finely mucronate;

emergent leaves alternate, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 0.7-1.7 × 0.5-1.5 cm, margin entire or shortly toothed distally. Inflorescence of axillary, irregular dichasia of 1-5 flowers, female ones remaining submerged throughout development, male and bisexual ones borne on emergent part of stem; bracts leaflike; bracteoles deltoid, inconspicuous.

Male flowers sessile, 4-merous; sepals deltoid, ca. 0.2 mm; petals red, ca. 1.8 mm, late caducous; stamens 4. Female flowers sessile or pedicellate, 2-merous; sepals deltoid, ca. 0.1 mm; petals absent or vestigial; ovary 2-loculed; styles clavate; stigmas red, capitate, not fimbriate.

Bisexual flowers sessile, 4-merous; stigmas developing after pollen release, fimbriate. Fruit sessile or shortly pedicellate, olive-brown, 2-loculed (female flowers) or 4-loculed (bisexual flowers), ca. 1 mm; mericarps cylindric, smooth or sparsely tuberculate, apex truncate. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.

分类文献

FOC >> Vol.13 (2007) >> Haloragaceae >> Myriophyllum | eFloras.org Link 5.Myriophyllum dicoccum F. Mueller二分果狐尾藻 er fen guo hu wei zao

产地生境

Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan [E India, Indonesia (NE Java), Papua New Guinea, Vietnam; Australia].

福建,广东,台湾 [印度东部,印度尼西亚(爪哇东北),越南,巴布亚新几内亚;澳大利亚 ]。

辨析

Myriophyllum dicoccum was erroneously treated as M. humile (Rafinesque) Morong (Burshia humilis Rafinesque) in FRPS (53(2): 140. 2000). These taxa are separated by their fruit: M. dicoccum has 2-loculed fruit from female flowers and 4-loculed fruit from bisexual flowers on the same plant, whereas M. humile has only 4-loculed fruit.

Myriophyllum dicoccum被错误在《中国植物志》里看作M. humile(Rafinesque) Morong(Burshia humilis Rafinesque)(53(2): 140.2000).这2分类群被他们的果区别开: M. dicoccum在相同植株上雌花有2室的果和而两性花有4室的果,而M. humile只有4室的果。

参考来源

  1. 二分果狐尾藻, 植物智, 2020-01-18