閩贛葡萄
閩贛葡萄 |
中文學名:閩贛葡萄 拉丁學名:Vitis chungii Metc. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 目:葡萄目 科:葡萄科 屬:葡萄屬 |
閩贛葡萄(mǐn gàn pú táo,學名 Vitis chungii Metcalf),葡萄科葡萄屬植物。中國特有物種。產江西、福建、廣東、廣西。生山坡、溝谷林中或灌叢,海拔200-1000米。 [1]
目錄
閩贛葡萄形態特徵
木質藤本。小枝圓柱形,有縱棱紋,無毛。卷鬚2叉分枝,每隔2節間斷與葉對生。
長橢圓卵形或卵狀披針形,長4-15厘米,寬2-8厘米,頂端漸尖或尾尖,稀急尖,基部截形、圓形或近圓形,稀微心形,每側邊緣有7-9個鋸齒,疏離,齒尖銳,上面綠色,無毛,下面無毛,常被白色粉霜;
基生脈3出,中脈有側脈4-5對,網脈兩面突出,無毛;葉柄長1-3.5厘米,無毛;托葉膜質,褐色,條形,長2.5-3毫米,寬1-1.2毫米,無毛,早落。
花雜性異株;圓錐花序基部分枝不發達,圓柱形,長3.5-10厘米,與葉對生,花序梗長1.5-2.5厘米,初時被短柔毛,以後脫落無毛;花梗長1-2.5毫米,無毛;
花蕾倒卵圓形,高1-1.4毫米,頂端圓形;萼碟形,邊緣全緣;花瓣5,呈帽狀粘合脫落;雄蕊5,花絲絲狀,長0.8-1.2毫米,花葯黃色,橢圓形,長0.4-0.5毫米,在雌花內雄蕊短,敗育;花盤發達,5裂;
雌蕊1,子房卵圓形,花柱短,柱頭擴大。果實球形,成熟時紫紅色,直徑0.8-1厘米;
種子倒卵橢圓形,頂端圓鈍,基部顯著具喙,種臍在種子背面中部呈長橢圓形,兩側有6-7橫肋,肋紋鈍,腹面中棱脊突出,兩側窪穴倒卵橢圓形,向上達種子3/4處。
花期4-6月,果期6-8月。 [2]
本種與東南葡萄V. chunganensis Hu相近,但本種圓錐花序狹窄,呈圓柱形,基部分枝不發達,葉基部多為圓形或近截形,稀微心形,基生3出脈,網脈兩面顯著突出。
Vitis chungii Metcalf in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 11: 102. 1932; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 677. 1933; Suesseng. in Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 20d: 294. 1953; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 85. 1979 in clavi et in Guihaia 8 (2) : 111. 1988; 福建植物志3: 366.圖255. 1988.
Plants polygamo-dioecious. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves simple; stipules brownish, lanceolate, 2.5-3 × 1-1.2 mm, membranous, glabrous, caducous; petiole 1-3.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 4-15 × 2-8 cm, abaxially glabrous, glaucous, basal veins 3, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, veinlets raised, glabrous, base truncate, rounded, or subrounded, rarely subcordate, margin sparsely 7-9-toothed on each side, teeth sharp, apex acuminate or caudate, rarely acute. Panicles leaf-opposed, terete, 3.5-10 cm, basal branches poorly developed; peduncle 1.5-2.5 cm, pubescent when young, then glabrescent. Pedicel 1-2.5 mm, glabrous. Buds obovoid, 1-1.4 mm, apex rounded. Calyx entire. Filaments filiform, 0.8-1.2 mm; anthers yellow, elliptic, 0.4-0.5 mm. Ovary oval; style short; stigma expanded. Berry purple-red at maturity, globose, 8-10 mm in diam. Seeds obelliptic, apex rounded, chalazal knot elliptic, ventral holes obelliptic, furrowed upward 3/4 from base.
● Forests in valleys, shrublands, hillsides; 200-1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi.
閩贛葡萄生長環境
閩贛葡萄生長於海拔200-1000米的河邊灌叢中,山谷,山坡林中,山坡路邊灌叢,疏林中。[3]