无叶飘拂草
无叶飘拂草 |
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中文名:无叶飘拂草 拉丁学名:Fimbristylis aphylla Steud. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:单子叶植物纲 亚 纲:鸭跖草亚纲 目:禾本目 科:莎草科 亚 科:藨草亚科 族:藨草族 属:飘拂草属 |
无叶飘拂草(wú yè piāo fú cǎo),学名 Fimbristylis aphylla Steud.,俗名:小飘拂草,异名:Fimbristylis aphylla var. gracilis Fimbristylis globulosa var. aphylla ,是一个物种,无叶飘拂草根状茎短,木质,具许多须根。秆密丛生,稍细,坚挺,高50-100厘米,具五棱,平滑,基部具少数无叶的鞘。分布于越南、印度、印度尼西亚(爪哇)、锡兰,中国云南。 [1]
目录
无叶飘拂草形态特征
无叶飘拂草根状茎短,木质,具许多须根。秆密丛生,稍细,坚挺,高50-100厘米,具五棱,平滑,基部具少数无叶的鞘;鞘圆筒形,鞘口斜截形,顶端渐尖,边缘膜质,棕色;
常有不育的根出苗,仅具叶,叶片线形,边缘向内卷。苞片3-5枚,较花序短很多,长6-25毫米,针状,边缘粗糙;长侧枝聚伞花序多次复出,疏展,具5-8个第一次辐射枝,辐射枝纤细, 最长达7厘米;
小穗单个着生于各次辐射枝顶端,长圆形或椭圆形,长3.5-7毫米,宽2.5-3毫米,具多数花;鳞片较密地螺旋状排列,膜质,宽卵形或近于椭圆形,很凹;
顶端钝或圆,具短尖,长约2.5毫米,锈色或黄褐色,边缘色淡,背面具龙骨状突起,有明显的3条脉,黄色或绿黄色,沿两侧脉里面常呈暗棕色;雄蕊3,花药线形,药隔不突出;
花柱较短而扁平,基部稍扩大,无缘毛,柱头3,长于花柱,密生缘毛。小坚果倒卵形,三棱形,长1毫米多,淡棕色,基部具短柄,表面有隆起的横纹和稀疏的疣状突起。花果期9-10月。
Fimbristylis aphylla var. gracilis Tang & F. T. Wang; F. globulosa (Retzius) Kunth var. aphylla (Steudel) Miquel.
Perennials. Rhizomes short, woody. Culms densely tufted, 30-100 cm tall, slender, 5-angled, smooth, bearing a few bladeless sheaths at base. Basal leaf sheaths cylindric, margin brown and membranous, apically attenuate, mouth obliquely truncate.
Leaves on vegetative shoots often with only blades; leaf blade linear, margins involute. Involucral bracts 3-5, needlelike, 0.6-2.5 cm, much shorter than inflorescence, margin scabrid. Inflorescence a decompound anthela, spreading; rays 5-8, to 7 cm, slender.
Spikelets solitary, oblong to ellipsoid, 2.5-7 × 1.2-3 mm. Glumes densely spirally imbricate, rust-colored to yellowish brown, broadly ovate to subelliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, membranous, prominently 3-veined forming an abaxial keel, veins yellow to greenish yellow and often dark brown between lateral veins, margin paler, apex obtuse to rounded and apiculate.
Stamens 3; anthers linear. Style short and flat, not ciliate, basally slightly inflated; stigmas 3, longer than style, densely ciliate. Nutlet pale brown, shortly stipitate, obovoid, 0.6-0.8 mm, 3-sided, transversely wavy verruculose. Fl. Jul, fr. Dec.
分类文献
《中国植物志》 第11卷 (1961) >> 085页 PDF >> 无叶飘拂草 Fimbristylis aphylla 14.无叶飘拂草 图版XXV, 10-13
Fimbristylis aphylla Steud. Syn. Cyp. 2 (1855) 114——Fimbristylis globulosa var. β aphylla Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. III (1856) 322.
无叶飘拂草生长环境
无叶飘拂草生长于沼泽地。