無葉飄拂草
無葉飄拂草 |
中文名:無葉飄拂草 拉丁學名:Fimbristylis aphylla Steud. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:單子葉植物綱 亞 綱:鴨跖草亞綱 目:禾本目 科:莎草科 亞 科:藨草亞科 族:藨草族 屬:飄拂草屬 |
無葉飄拂草(wú yè piāo fú cǎo),學名 Fimbristylis aphylla Steud.,俗名:小飄拂草,異名:Fimbristylis aphylla var. gracilis Fimbristylis globulosa var. aphylla ,是一個物種,無葉飄拂草根狀莖短,木質,具許多鬚根。稈密叢生,稍細,堅挺,高50-100厘米,具五稜,平滑,基部具少數無葉的鞘。分布於越南、印度、印度尼西亞(爪哇)、錫蘭,中國雲南。 [1]
目錄
無葉飄拂草形態特徵
無葉飄拂草根狀莖短,木質,具許多鬚根。稈密叢生,稍細,堅挺,高50-100厘米,具五稜,平滑,基部具少數無葉的鞘;鞘圓筒形,鞘口斜截形,頂端漸尖,邊緣膜質,棕色;
常有不育的根出苗,僅具葉,葉片線形,邊緣向內卷。苞片3-5枚,較花序短很多,長6-25毫米,針狀,邊緣粗糙;長側枝聚繖花序多次復出,疏展,具5-8個第一次輻射枝,輻射枝纖細, 最長達7厘米;
小穗單個着生於各次輻射枝頂端,長圓形或橢圓形,長3.5-7毫米,寬2.5-3毫米,具多數花;鱗片較密地螺旋狀排列,膜質,寬卵形或近於橢圓形,很凹;
頂端鈍或圓,具短尖,長約2.5毫米,銹色或黃褐色,邊緣色淡,背面具龍骨狀突起,有明顯的3條脈,黃色或綠黃色,沿兩側脈裡面常呈暗棕色;雄蕊3,花葯線形,藥隔不突出;
花柱較短而扁平,基部稍擴大,無緣毛,柱頭3,長於花柱,密生緣毛。小堅果倒卵形,三稜形,長1毫米多,淡棕色,基部具短柄,表面有隆起的橫紋和稀疏的疣狀突起。花果期9-10月。
Fimbristylis aphylla var. gracilis Tang & F. T. Wang; F. globulosa (Retzius) Kunth var. aphylla (Steudel) Miquel.
Perennials. Rhizomes short, woody. Culms densely tufted, 30-100 cm tall, slender, 5-angled, smooth, bearing a few bladeless sheaths at base. Basal leaf sheaths cylindric, margin brown and membranous, apically attenuate, mouth obliquely truncate.
Leaves on vegetative shoots often with only blades; leaf blade linear, margins involute. Involucral bracts 3-5, needlelike, 0.6-2.5 cm, much shorter than inflorescence, margin scabrid. Inflorescence a decompound anthela, spreading; rays 5-8, to 7 cm, slender.
Spikelets solitary, oblong to ellipsoid, 2.5-7 × 1.2-3 mm. Glumes densely spirally imbricate, rust-colored to yellowish brown, broadly ovate to subelliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, membranous, prominently 3-veined forming an abaxial keel, veins yellow to greenish yellow and often dark brown between lateral veins, margin paler, apex obtuse to rounded and apiculate.
Stamens 3; anthers linear. Style short and flat, not ciliate, basally slightly inflated; stigmas 3, longer than style, densely ciliate. Nutlet pale brown, shortly stipitate, obovoid, 0.6-0.8 mm, 3-sided, transversely wavy verruculose. Fl. Jul, fr. Dec.
分類文獻
《中國植物志》 第11卷 (1961) >> 085頁 PDF >> 無葉飄拂草 Fimbristylis aphylla 14.無葉飄拂草 圖版XXV, 10-13
Fimbristylis aphylla Steud. Syn. Cyp. 2 (1855) 114——Fimbristylis globulosa var. β aphylla Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. III (1856) 322.
無葉飄拂草生長環境
無葉飄拂草生長於沼澤地。