托木爾黃耆
| 托木爾黃耆 |
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中文學名:托木爾黃耆 拉丁學名:Astragalus dsharkenticu 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:豆目 亞 目:薔薇亞目 科:豆科 亞 科:蝶形花亞科 族:山羊豆族 屬:黃芪屬 亞 屬:裂萼亞屬 種:托木爾黃耆 |
托木爾黃耆（tuō mù ěr huáng qí，學名：Astragalus dsharkenticus）是豆科黃芪屬的植物。分布在中亞以及中國大陸的新疆等地，生長於海拔1,800米的地區，多生長在山坡草地。 [1]
目錄
托木爾黃耆形態特徵
多年生草本。 根木質化, 粗壯彎曲。 根頸生多數蔓狀的細莖，長13-40厘米，具伏貼的絨毛，淡綠色。
羽狀複葉有7-11片小葉，長4-7厘米；葉柄較葉軸短，淡綠色或灰白色；托葉基部合生，上部狹三角狀鑽形，長1-2毫米，具黑、白混生毛；小葉通常披針形，稀長圓形，長10-20毫米，寬3-4毫米，銳尖，兩面被白色伏貼毛。
總狀花序生4-10花，排列緊密，近傘房狀；花序軸和花梗被黑色毛；總花梗長5-15厘米，被白色伏貼毛，淡綠色；苞片披針形，長1-2毫米，近膜質，疏被黑、白混生毛；
花萼管狀，長10-12毫米，被黑色或白色半伏貼毛，萼齒絲狀，長為筒部的1/4或1/5；
花冠淡黃色，旗瓣長17-22毫米，倒卵形，先端微凹，中部縊縮，下部收狹成瓣柄，翼瓣長16-20毫米，瓣片線狀長圓形，先端偏斜，2淺裂，較瓣柄稍長，龍骨瓣較翼瓣短，瓣片半長圓形，較瓣柄稍短；子房無柄。
莢果長20-30毫米，寬2-3毫米，呈弧狀，被黑色或黑白混生、半開展、有時旋卷的白色毛，有短尖頭，腹縫線龍骨狀凸起，背縫線微具溝槽，假2室，每室含種子多顆。
花期5-6月，果熟期6-7月。 [2]
Astragalus dsharkenticus Popov in Not. Syst. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. USSR 10: 11. 1947; Gamaiun. et Fisjun in Pavl. Φπ. Казахст. 5: 249. t. 33 (1). 1961; S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (1): 62. 1983.
Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis S. B. Ho.
Plants subshrubby, 12-20 cm tall, with appressed ± medi-fixed hairs 0.5-1 mm. Stems several, branched at base, old parts lignified, stems of current year 3-10 cm, loosely hairy, some-times glabrescent. Leaves 4-8 cm; stipules 2-3 mm, shortly adnate to petiole, shortly connate behind stem, sparsely black and white hairy or nearly glabrous; petiole 1.2-2.5 cm, like rachis loosely hairy; leaflets in 4-9 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5-20 × 3-4 mm, abaxially loosely hairy, adaxially sparsely hairy, apex rounded to subacute. Racemes short, densely 5-10-flow-ered; peduncle 5-15 cm, sparsely to loosely hairy; bracts 1.5-2 mm, sparsely black and white hairy. Calyx 11-13 mm, loosely covered with subappressed predominantly black hairs, some-times on ventral side with predominantly white and on dorsal side with predominantly black hairs; teeth 2-2.5 mm. Petals pale yellow; standard obovate, 20-22 × 7-8 mm, apex deeply emarginate, slightly constricted below middle; wings 16-19 mm, limbs oblong, apex obliquely and deeply emarginate; keel 13-17 mm. Legumes with a stipe ca. 2 mm, erect to spreading, linear, slightly to distinctly upcurved to nearly semicircular, 25-30 mm, 3-3.5 mm high and wide, with a straight beak ca. 1 mm, 2-locular; valves densely covered with ascending to spreading, strongly asymmetrically bifurcate, white hairs up to 1.2 mm and with mostly distinctly shorter and more sym-metrically bifurcate black hairs.
Steppes; ca. 1800 m. NW Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan].
Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis is said to differ from the typical variety mainly by its 6-13 (instead of 4-9) pairs of leaflets.Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis is said to differ from the typical variety mainly by its 6-13 (instead of 4-9) pairs of leaflets.
托木爾黃耆生長環境
生長於海拔1890米以上的山坡草地。[3]
托木爾黃耆分布範圍
托木爾黃耆主要價值
為當地優良牧草。
托木爾黃耆變種
鞏留黃耆（植物研究） 圖版79：9-14
var. gongliuensis S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (1): 63. f. 16. 1983.
木變種與原變種不同之點在於：羽狀複葉有13-27片小葉；小葉長圓形或狹橢圓形，先端鈍圓或急尖，上面無毛或僅邊緣被稀疏的毛，綠色。
產新疆（鞏留、特克斯、昭蘇）。生於海拔1 000米左右的沙荒地上。模式標本采自鞏留縣莫合林場。
為當地優良牧草之一。