假蓽拔
假蓽拔 |
中文名:假蓽拔 學 名:Piper retrofractum Vahl 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:胡椒目 科:胡椒科 屬:胡椒屬 亞 屬:胡椒亞屬 種:假蓽拔 命名者及年代:Enum,1804 |
假蓽拔(jiǎ bì bá,學名:Piper retrofractum Vahl)是胡椒科,胡椒屬藤本灌木;莖、枝有膨大的節,揉之有香氣;維管束外面的聯合成環,葉互生,全緣;托葉多少貼生於葉柄上,早落。花單性,雌雄異株,或稀有兩性或雜性,聚集成與葉對生或稀有頂生的穗狀花序,花序通常寬於總花梗的3倍以上;苞片離生,盾狀或杯狀;通常着生於花序軸上,稀着生於子房基部,子房離生或有時嵌生於花序軸中而與其合生,漿果倒卵形,無柄或具長短不等的柄。花期5-8月。 產於雲南東南部(西疇、馬關、屏邊)。生於林中,攀援於樹上或石上,海拔1100-1300米。模式標本采自雲南屏邊。 (概述圖參考來源:中國自然標本館) [1]
目錄
假蓽拔形態特徵
攀援藤本,各部均無毛,枝圓柱形,干時具縱紋而帶褐色,花枝直徑約2毫米。葉硬紙質,有密腺點,干時帶蒼白色,狹橢圓形、卵狀長圓形或橢圓形,長8.5-16厘米,寬3.2-7.5厘米;
頂端短漸尖至短尖,基部近相等至不等,兩側均鈍或一側略狹而短,有時狹短的一側稍凹入而呈半心形;葉脈羽狀,中脈每邊發出的側脈通常4-5條,少有較多;葉柄長5-11毫米,兩側差距可達4-5毫米;葉鞘短,僅限於葉柄基部具有。
花單性,雌雄異株,聚集成與葉對生的穗狀花序。雄花序長5-6.5厘米;總花梗略長於葉柄;苞片圓形,無柄,盾狀,直徑1-1.2毫米,雄蕊2或3枚,花葯闊長圓形,近無花絲。
雌花序長3-4厘米,直徑約7毫米;總花梗和苞片與雄花序的相同; 子房嵌生於花序軸中,柱頭3,卵狀短尖,外彎。未成熟漿果頂端圓,下部嵌生於花序軸中並與其合生。花期5-7月。 [2]
分類文獻
Pier retrofractum Vahl, Enum. 1: 314. 1804; C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16: 378. 1868, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 83. 1910; Koord. Exkurs. Jav. 4 (2): 446. f. 719. 1924; Quis. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 43: 106. f. 54-55. 1930. ——Piper chaba Hunter (non Blume) in Asiat. Res. 9: 391. 1809; Miq. Syst. Pip. 256. 1843; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 83. 1890. ——Piper officinarum (Miq. ) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16: 356. 1868; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 31: 94. 1887. ——Chavica officinarum Miq. Syst. Pip. 256. 1843, et Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 (2) : 444. 1859.——Chavica peepuloides sunsu Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 1927. 1853, non Miq.
Chavica officinarum Miquel; Piper chaba Hunter; P. officinarum (Miquel) C. de Candolle.
Climbers glabrous except for rachis and stigmas, dioecious. Stems brownish when dry, ca. 2 mm thick, terete, striated. Petiole 5-11 mm, sheathed at base only; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 8.5-16 × 3.2-7.5 cm, papery, glaucous when dry, densely glandular, base with both sides rounded or 1 side slightly tapered and short, tapered and short side sometimes concave to semicordate, ± symmetric to oblique, bilateral difference 0-5 mm, apex shortly acuminate to acute; veins 9-11, rarely more, pinnate, usually 4 or 5 on each side of midvein.
Spikes leaf-opposed. Male spikes 5-6.5 cm; peduncle slightly longer than petioles; bracts orbicular, 1-1.2 mm wide, peltate, sessile. Stamens 2 or 3; filaments nearly absent; anthers broadly ellipsoid. Female spikes 3-4 cm × ca. 7 mm; peduncle and bracts as in male spikes. Ovary immersed in rachis; stigmas 3, ovate-acute, recurved. Unripe drupe partly connate to rachis, apex rounded. Fl. May-Jul.
?Yunnan; cultivated in Guangdong [India, Indonesia (?Timor), Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]
Widely cultivated and of uncertain origin. There is a single record of this species (or a closely related one), apparently growing wild in Yunnan. The collection, C. W. Wang 75415, differs from the usual cultivated plant by the longer infructescence.
假蓽拔分布範圍
假蓽拔主要價值
果序藥用,可作興奮劑,亦為胃寒要藥。[4]
參考來源
- ↑ 假蓽拔, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 假蓽拔種子的殺蟲活性和有效成分的研究 飼料拌藥試驗表明,假蓽拔種子粉石油醚抽提物對赤擬谷盜(Tribolium castaneum)和米象(Sitophilus oryae)有較好的殺蟲效果,該抽提物對赤擬谷盜成蟲的LC<,50>值6...
- ↑ 植物學專業必讀 |《中國植物志》植物中文正式名讀音的統一 2019年8月14日 (210)蓽:音 bi4,見於「蓽拔」和「假蓽拔」。 (211)蕎:音qiao2,見於「蕎麥」一詞。 (212)蕁:音qian2,用於「蕁麻」一詞。另一讀音 xun2僅用於「蕁麻疹...
- ↑ 假蓽拔 Piper retrofractum 假蓽拔(jiǎ bì bá) PPBCCVHColDuocetCFHeFlorasEOLTPLIPNIBHLPOWOGBIFiDigBioBingBaiduPiper retrofractum Vahl異名: Piper chaba Piper officinarum Chavica ...