掌葉白粉藤檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
掌葉白粉藤 |
中文學名:掌葉白粉藤 拉丁學名:Cissus triloba (Lour.) Merr. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 目:管花目 科:葡萄科 屬:白粉藤(青紫葛)屬 種:掌葉白粉藤 海 拔:900-1420 是否中國特有:否 是否引種栽培:非人工引種栽培 |
掌葉白粉藤(zhǎng yè bái fěn téng,學名 Cissus triloba (Lour.) Merr.,異名:Callicarpa triloba Cissus modeccoides ),草質藤本。小枝圓柱形,有縱棱紋,無毛,常被白粉,節部干時易脆斷。卷鬚不分枝,相隔2節間斷與葉對生。 [1]
掌葉白粉藤形態特徵
草質藤本。小枝圓柱形,有縱棱紋,無毛,常被白粉,節部干時易脆斷。卷鬚不分枝,相隔2節間斷與葉對生。
葉異形,不裂葉葉片卵圓形,長7-7.5厘米,寬5-5.5厘米,頂端急尖或漸尖,基部心形,基缺張開呈鈍角,邊緣每側有20-30個尖銳鋸齒,分裂葉者為3-5深裂,闊卵形,基部深心形,基缺狹窄或兩側部分重疊,裂片披針形,頂端漸尖,兩面綠色,無毛;
基出脈3-5,中脈有側脈5-7對,網脈微突出;葉柄長2.5-8厘米,無毛;托葉橢圓形,長4-6毫米,寬3-4毫米,無毛。
花序頂生或與葉對生,復二歧聚傘花序;花序梗長3-5.5厘米,無毛;花梗長2-6毫米,無毛;花蕾橢圓形或近球形,高2-3毫米,頂端圓形;萼碟形,邊緣呈波狀淺裂,無毛;
花瓣4,卵圓形或卵橢圓形,高1.7-2.7毫米,無毛;雄蕊4,花葯卵圓形,長寬近相等;花盤明顯,4淺裂;子房下部與花盤合生,花柱鑽形,柱頭微擴大。
果實近球形,直徑0.5-0.6厘米,有種子1顆;種子倒卵圓形,頂端圓形,基部短喙,表面平滑,種臍在種子背面基部與種脊無異,種脊突出,腹部中棱脊突出,兩側窪穴在基部微凹陷。
花期6-10月,果期8-11月。 [2]
分類
Cissus triloba (Lour.) Merr. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Philadelphia 24: 254. 1935; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3): 88. 1979 in clavi; 雲南種子植物名錄上冊796. 1984. ——Callicarpa triloba Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 70. 1790.——Cissus modeccoides Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 503. 1887; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not Syst. 1: 356. 1911 et in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 971. 1912 et in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 1950; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 307. 1926. Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 121. 1927.
英文介紹
Callicarpa triloba Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 70. 1790; Cissus modeccoides Planchon.
Vines, herbaceous. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, usually glaucous, glabrous; tendrils unbranched. Leaves simple; petiole 2.5-8 cm, glabrous; stipules oval, 4-6 × 3-4 mm, glabrous; leaf blade heteromorphic, undivided or 3-5-divided, glabrous, basal veins 3-5, lateral veins 5-7 pairs, veinlets slightly raised; undivided leaves oval, 7-7.5 × 5-5.5 cm, base cordate, notch obtuse, margin 20-30-toothed on each side, teeth sharp, apex acute or acuminate; divided leaves broadly ovate, base cordate, deeply 3-5-lobed, notch narrow or two sides overlapping, lobes lanceolate, apex acuminate. Compound dichasium terminal or leaf-opposed; peduncle 3-5.5 cm, glabrous. Pedicel 2-6 mm, glabrous. Buds elliptic or globose, 2-3 mm, apex rounded. Calyx undulately lobed. Petals oval or ovate-elliptic, 1.7-2.7 mm, glabrous. Anthers oval. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style conical; stigma slightly expanded. Berry 5-6 mm in diam., 1-seeded. Seed oval, surface smooth, raphe raised, ventral holes slightly furrowed. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. Aug-Nov.
Forests by rivers or on hillsides; 900-1400 m. Yunnan [Vietnam].
掌葉白粉藤生長環境
主要生長於海拔900-1400米的山坡或溪邊林中。