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中文学名:直酢浆草 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:木兰纲 目:牻牛儿苗目 科:酢浆草科 |
直酢浆草(zhí cù jiāng cǎo)，学名：Oxalis corniculatavar. stricta，别名 Oxalis stricta Linnaeus，俗名：酸溜溜，异名：Oxalis corniculata var. stricta Oxalis diffusa Oxalis cymosa Oxalis shinanoensis Oxalis europaea Oxalis fontana Oxalis chinensis Xanthoxalis europaea Xanthoxalis stricta Acetosella fontana Xanthoxalis cymosa Acetosella chinensis Oxalis repens var. stricta ，为酢浆草科酢浆草属下的一个变种。 [1]
直酢浆草形态特征
一年生草本或短命多年生植物，全部营养体（除叶柄之外）分别具单毛和有隔的短柔毛。茎30厘米，幼年时单生，直立，随生长而外倾，节上不生根；通常地下的匍匐茎宿存。
托叶缺失或圆形，不明显。几乎的有时的叶互生或对生或轮生； 叶柄(2-)3-8(-12)厘米，被简单短柔毛或至少在基部被有隔的毛；小叶叶片倒心形， ( 0.3-)0.8-1.8(-2.5) × (0.3-)1.2-3(-3.5) 厘米，绿色，背面被稀疏短柔毛，正面无毛，先端深凹陷。
二歧聚伞花序，有时伞形，2-5(-7)花；花序梗长约2 倍的叶柄长或更长，基部具一膨胀的节；苞片线形，1.5-2 × 约1毫米，无毛或具很稀疏的毛。花梗(3-)5-10毫米，在果内直立，被简单和有隔的短柔毛。
萼片线形的到狭椭圆形， 4-7 * 1-2 毫米，边缘具缘毛。 花瓣浅黄，长圆状倒卵形， 5-10 × 2-3 毫米。蒴果圆筒状， 8-15 × 2-3.5 毫米，5棱，无毛或仅被具隔短柔毛。每室种子4-10，棕色到棕红色，卵球状长圆形，1-1.5×0.8-1毫米，具横向的脊。花期及果期2-10月。 2n = 24。
与原种的主要区别在于茎直立，不分枝或少分枝；无托叶或托叶不明显。
Acetosella chinensis (Haworth ex G. Don) Kuntze; A. fontana (Bunge) Kuntze; Oxalis chinensis Haworth ex G. Don; O. corniculata var. stricta (Linnaeus) C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu; O. cymosa Small; O. diffusa Boreau; O. europaea Jordon; O. fontana Bunge; O. repens Thunberg var. stricta Hatusima; O. shinanoensis T. Itô ; Xanthoxalis cymosa (Small) Small; X. europaea (Jordan) Moldenke; X. stricta (Linnaeus) Small.
Annuals or short-lived perennials, all vegetative parts (except petioles) variably pubescent with simple and multiseptate hairs. Stems to 30 cm, usually single when young, erect, branching and finally decumbent with age but not rooting at nodes; underground stolons usually present.
Stipules absent or rounded and inconspicuous. Leaves alternate or sometimes almost opposite or whorled; petiole (2-)3-8(-12) cm, pubescent with simple and at least some septate trichomes at base; leaflet blades obcordate, (0.3-)0.8-1.8(-2.5) × (0.3-)1.2-3(-3.5) cm, green, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous, apex deeply emarginate.
Inflorescences dichotomous cymes, sometimes umbellate, 2-5(-7)-flowered; peduncle ca. 2 × as long as petioles or longer, base with a swollen articulation; bracts linear, 1.5-2 × ca. 1 mm, glabrous or with very sparse trichomes.
Pedicels (3-)5-10 mm, erect in fruit, pubescent with simple and septate hairs. Sepals linear to narrowly elliptic, 4-7 × 1-2 mm, margin ciliate. Petals pale yellow, oblong-obovate, 5-10 × 2-3 mm.
Capsule cylindric, 8-15 × 2-3.5 mm, 5-sided, glabrous or pubescent with only septate trichomes. Seeds 4-10 per locule, brown to brownish red, ovoid-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1 mm, transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Feb-Oct. 2n = 24.
Forests, ravines; 400-1500 m. Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, SE Russia; E North America, introduced in Europe].
Oxalis stricta is similar in appearance to O. corniculata, and some recorded occurrence of O. stricta in China beyond those reported here represent misidentification.
分类文献
Oxalis corniculata L. var. stricta (L.) Huang et L. R. Xu, st. nov.——O. stricta L. Sp. Pl. 433. 1753; DC. Prodr. 1: 692. 1824; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 99. 1886; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 2: 661. 1904. Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 3: 298. 1939; Gorschk. in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 14: 78. 1949; 东北草本植物志6: 3. 1977.
直酢浆草生长环境
生长于林下和沟谷潮湿处。
直酢浆草分布范围
分布于东北和华北。东北亚、俄国、欧洲、地中海区和北美有分布。