檢視長木醫學區的原始碼

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! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> '''長木醫學區''' </p>
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|<center><img src="https://msbcrp.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/bchNeighbors1.jpeg" width="280"></center><small>[https://bcrp.childrenshospital.org/facilities/harvard-medical-school-longwood-medical-area/ 圖片來自BCRP]</small>
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'''长木医学区'''（'''Longwood Medical and Academic Area'''或'''Longwood Medical Area'''，'''LMA'''，'''Longwood'''）位于[[美国]][[马萨诸塞州]][[波士顿]]，高度密集的分布着医院、医学院和生物医学研究中心。<!-- LMA straddles [[Fenway-Kenmore]] and [[Mission Hill, Boston, Massachusetts|Mission Hill]] neighborhoods and is centered on Longwood Avenue as it runs between Huntington Avenue and the Riverway. Both intersections have an [[MBTA]] [[Green Line (MBTA)|Green Line]] trolley stop: [[Longwood (MBTA station)|Longwood]] at Brookline ([[Green Line "D" Branch]]) and [[Longwood Medical Area (MBTA station)|Longwood Medical Area]] at Huntington ([[Green Line "E" Branch]]). --> 

它坐落于波士顿西南该区域距离波士顿市中心3英里,跨越Fenway-Kenmore和Mission Hill两个社区,占地面积213英亩(约合0.86平方公里),建筑面积超过185万平方米.这里是典型的医、学、研一体的园区,园区周边由自然河流景观公园环绕,这个景观环境优越的园区周边有一系列公共文化建筑,包括著名的[[波士顿美术馆]]、[[伯克利音乐学院]]等…..片区集聚了4万多名科研人员和近2万名学生。

据统计,长木医疗产业区年营收约80亿美元。
与庞大的[[德克萨斯医疗中心]]或[[北卡罗来纳州]]的研究三角不同,长木医学区空间布局超高度集中,医疗机构的密度非常高,美国顶级医疗机构,四所教学医院,一所医学院,一所[[糖尿病]]研究中心和诊所 - 被挤进一个213英亩的街区,空间内点缀着一系列的大学和生物医学公司,据统计,长木拥有医疗机构及学术机构达27.9家/平方公里,拥有医疗与研究人员约5.07万/平方公里。比如:[[哈佛医学院]]、[[麻省药科与保健科学学院]],[[贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心]]、[[波士顿儿童医院]],[[丹纳发博癌症医院]],[[布瑞根妇女医院]],[[以色列医院]];[[公共卫生管理学院]],[[新英格兰药学院]],[[Danna Farber癌症科研中心]],[[Shapiro心血管病科研中心]],[[Joselin糖尿病中心]]及[[Jimmy Fund医学研究捐款基金会]]等等。这些机构可不仅是个名字,他们代表着顶级水平,仅举几例:

贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心(Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,BIDMC)一向被美国U.S. News & World Report列为美国最好的医院之一。1922年首次注射[[胰岛素]];1960年首次植入[心脏起搏器]],就是发生在这里。Dana-Farber 癌症研究所(Dana–Farber Cancer Institute)的所长B.Benacerraf是1980年[[诺贝尔奖]]获得者。该所是国际上第一个用联合化疗治愈儿童白血病的成功者,在[[艾滋病]]研究方面,该所是美国几个实力雄厚的单位之一。该所每年大约发表一千多篇研究论文,在美国内外具有不小的影响。Joslin 糖尿病中心(Joslin Diabetes Center)是全球唯一一家全方位关心[[糖尿病]]发展的糖尿病机构,一些重要的糖尿病基础和临床研究发现包括[[妊娠糖尿病]]治疗、激光治疗糖尿病眼病、糖尿病前期的界定等均由糖尿病中心首创并得到发展。

在长木科学园区,各个机构之间物理邻近,并且有着千丝万缕的联系:比如这五个机构 - 波士顿儿童医院,布莱根妇女医院,贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心,达纳法伯癌症研究所和乔斯林糖尿病中心 - 都与哈佛医学院有联系,哈佛医学院依靠这些机构培训自己的学生,完美互补。<ref>[https://mp.ofweek.com/park/a645683723816 长木医学园区]，OFWEEK，</ref>

据MASCO统计显示,2012年长木医学区获得美国[[国立卫生院]](NIH)资助金额合计达到10.3亿美元,占马萨诸塞州的1/4;若将长木医学区作为州来算的话,则排名全美第八位。

该地区的主要机构组成了[[医学学术与科学界组织]]（MASCO）提供各种服务（电讯、停车、豪华轿车等）。它的19个成员（均位于长木地区）包括以下医院和学校：
==医院==
*[[贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心]]
*[[布莱根妇女医院]]
*[[波士顿儿童医院]]
*[[Dana-Farber 癌症研究所]]
*[[Joslin 糖尿病中心]]

==学校==
*[[哈佛医学院]]
*[[哈佛牙科学院]]
*[[哈佛公共卫生学院]]
*[[麻省美术学院]]
*[[麻省药科与保健科学学院]]
*[[西蒙斯学院]]
*[[Wentworth 理工学院]]

<!-- In addition, the Longwood Medical Area is home to the Countway Library of Medicine, which includes a large collection of rare books, and also houses the Warren Anatomical Museum, which contains over 15,000 historical items, including the skull of [[Phineas Gage]]

Historically, the area was once residential housing with small medical institutions interspersed among the large lots. It wasn't until the 1950's when the surrounding area began a slow decline did most of the institutions grow by leaps and bounds to what they are today.  Harvard Medical built a new library in the middle of a connecting street and Harvard School of Public Health built a large auditorium across its Huntington Avenue front that stretched the whole block. Brigham and Women's bought and filled in all of its Francis Street frontage with impenetrable street-wall without exterior doors and windows only above the second floor. --> 

<!-- Various people, including journalists and the leaders of [[neighborhood association|neighborhood associations]], levied criticism that these institutions turned their back on the surrounding neighborhoods, often walling off large sections of institutional land with mid-rise buildings without public access.  Recent years has seen a marked change in institutional planning with an effort to add public open space.  While surrounding neighborhoods remain [[heterogeneous]] both ethnically and economically, the presence of the Longwood Medical and Academic Area has inevitably caused a degree of [[gentrification|urban gentrification]] with a subsequent rise in rents and property values. -->
==視頻==
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==参考文献==
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[[Category:752 美國]]