檢視瑟爾斯坦·哥理法森的原始碼

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! <p style="background: #0088A8; color: #FFFFFF; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> '''瑟爾斯坦·哥理法森''' </p>

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|<center><img src="https://images.gr-assets.com/authors/1265816466p5/1106231.jpg" width="280"></center><small>[https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1106231._orsteinn_Gylfason 圖片來自goodreads]

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'''瑟爾斯坦·哥理法森'''（冰島語：Þorsteinn Gylfaso)，{{bd|1942年|8月12日|2005年|8月16日|}}），[[冰島]][[哲學]]家與[[翻譯]]家，屬於[[分析哲學]]學派，主要貢獻為把各國哲學著作翻譯成冰島文。於2005年8月12日被診斷出患有胃癌晚期，於四天後死亡。他的葬禮在[[雷克雅未克大教堂]]舉行。

==出生==
在冰島首都[[Reykjavík]]雷克雅未克出生。他的父親是(Guðrún Vilmundardóttir)是大學教授，母親(Gylfi Þorsteinsson Gíslason)則是政府部長。他是政治家維爾蒙杜爾·吉爾法森(Vilmundur Gylfason)，及經濟學家吉爾法森 (Þorvaldur Gylfason)的兄弟。

==教育==
1961年畢業於門塔斯克-雷克雅維克大學( Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík gymnasium )，隨後獲得哈佛大學獎學金。他離開哈佛時獲得了哲學系學士學位。
後來於1965年至1971年就讀於[[慕尼克大學]]和[[牛津大學]]馬格達倫學院。在牛津大學，他跟隨[[Gilbert Ryle]]吉伯特·賴爾學習，與[[Alfred Jules Ayer]]阿爾弗雷德·朱爾斯·艾爾等哲學界知名人士結為朋友。這種影響在很大程度上影響了他在哲學方面的工作。

==工作經歷==
1971年起在冰島大學擔任助理教授，1989年被任命為正式教授。
也是[[麻省理工學院]]和[[倫敦經濟學院]]的客座教授。


==獎項==
1997年獲(英文:Knights Cross of the Icelandic Falcon)冰島國家文學獎。
1994年，冰島總統(英文:Vigdís Finnbogadóttir)維格斯·芬博加迪爾授予他冰島獵鷹騎士十字勳章[[ Icelandic culture and academia]]，以表彰他對冰島文化和學術界的貢獻。‎

他寫了12本關於哲學和哲學的書，包括《關於人類的散文》（1970年）、《世界散文》（1992年）、《冰島思想》（1996年）和《正義與不公正》（1998年）。他還在各種哲學期刊上發表了超過37篇學術論文，並撰寫了詩歌和歌詞，無論是與音樂作曲家[[ 阿特利·海米爾·斯文松]]，還是[[庫爾特·威爾]]和[[理查·瓦格納]]的音樂。

他翻譯為冰島語的作品包括[[約翰·斯圖亞特·米爾]]的《自由》，[[塞倫·基爾凱加德]]的《重複》，[[塞柏拉圖]]的《費多》，[[笛卡爾]]的《冥想》，這些都由[[冰島文學學會]]出版，為此他擔任了近二十年的系列主編。

==著作==
* Tilraun um manninn [An Essay on Man], Reykjavík 1970.
* Þrætubókarkorn [Dialectic] (with P.T. Geach), Reykjavík, 1981.
* Tilraun um heiminn [An Essay on the World], Reykjavík 1992.
* Sprek af reka [Logs of Driftwood], Reykjavík 1993 (translations of verse).
* Að hugsa á íslenzku [Thinking in Icelandic], Reykjavík 1996 (collected essays on the philosophy of language).
* Réttlæti og ranglæti [Justice and Injustice], Reykjavík 1998 (collected essays on political philosophy).
* Söngfugl að sunnan [A Songbird from the South], Reykjavik 2000 (translations of verse).
* Sál og mál [Mind and Language], Reykjavík 2006 (collected essays in Icelandic and English published posthumously).

==短篇==
* Rauður fyrirlestur [A Red Lecture], Reykjavík 1982 (against libertarianism).
* Valdsorðaskak [A Disputation on Power], Reykjavík 1982.
* Orðasmíð [The Creativity of Language], Reykjavík 1991 (inaugural lecture).
* Niflungahringurinn [Der Ring des Nibelungen], Listahátíð í Reykjavík 1994. See Works for the Stage (1).
* Gagnrýni hreinnar skynsemi [Pure Reason Criticised], Reykjavík 1994 (on Kant). (Revised as Náin skoðun skynseminnar, Reykjavík 2001).

==期刊的主要文章==
* “Skemmtilegt er myrkrið” [The Fun of Darkness], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1971, 285-313 (against dialectical materialism).
* “Að hugsa á íslenzku” [Thinking in Icelandic], Skírnir 1973, 129-158 (also published as a booklet).
* “Ætti sálarfræði að vera til?” [Should There Be Psychology?] Skírnir 1975, 5-37.
* “Er vit í vísindum?” [Is Science Rational?], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1975, 245-266 (on Kuhn versus Popper).
* “Um fyrirburðafræði” [On Parapsychology], Lífgeislar 1979, 3-34 and 61-66.
* “Hvers vegna í dauðanum?” [Why on Earth?], Morgunblaðið 12 April 1980 (on the psychology of education).
* “Málrækt í mannlegum fræðum” [Linguistic Purism in the Humanities], Skíma IV, 3 (1981).
* “Hvað er réttlæti?” [What is Justice?], Skírnir 1984, 159-222.
* “Teikn og tákn” [Signs and Symbols], Stúdentablaðið LXI, 4, 17-19.
* “Tónlist, réttlæti og sannleikur” [Music, Justice and Truth], Andvari 1985, 127-142 (on the aesthetics of music).
* “Sur des parlers anciens, faisons des mots nouveaux” [New Words for an Old Language], Diogène 1985, 19-36 (on neology). Also published in English, Spanish and Chinese.
* “Inngangur” [Introduction] to Sigurður Nordal: Einlyndi og marglyndi [Unity and Diversity], Reykjavík 1986, ix-xxxvii.
* “Hundrað og eitt ár” [101 Years], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1989, 304-318 (a centenary celebration of the writer Þórbergur Þórðarson).
* “Ludwig Wittgenstein”, Hugur 1989, 5-22 (a centenary celebration).
* “Martin Heidegger”, Teningur 1989 (a centenary celebration).
* “Snilld og brjálæði” [Genius and Madness], Tímaritið 2000 1990.
* “Ljósið sem hvarf” [The Light that Vanished], Skírnir 1990, 362-389 (on the philosophy of religion).
* “Det kreativa ordet” [The Creative Word] in Georg Klein (ed.): Om kreativitet och flow [On Creativity and Flow], Stockholm 1990.
* “Skáldskapur og sannleikur” [Poetry and Truth], Teningur 1991, 24-27.
* “Anaxímandros frá Míletos” [Anaximander of Miletus], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1991, 75-91.
* “Inngangur” [Introduction] and “Skýringar” [Notes] to René Descartes: Orðræða um aðferð [Discourse on Method], Reykjavík 1991, 11-54 and 153-202.
* “Líf og sál” [Life and Soul] in Einar Logi Vignisson og Ólafur Páll Jónsson (eds.): Af líkama og sál [Of Body and Mind], Reykjavík 1992.
* “Að gera eða vera” [To Do or to Be] in Hugur Vol. 6 (1993–1994), 63-90.
* “Skólar, úhrif og þroski” (Schools, External Effects and Human Development] in Ný menntamál Vol. 12 No. 4. (1994), 6-11.
* “Er tónlist mál?” [Is Music a Language?] Tímarit Máls og menningar 1994.
* “Gildi, boð og ástæður” [Values, Imperatives and Reasons] in Hugur Vol. 6 (1995), 14-31.
* “SDG” [Soli Deo Gloria] in Þorsteinn Helgason (ed.): Sem niður margra vatna: Sumartónleikar í Skálholtskirkju tuttugu ára, Reykjavík 1995, 29-33 (on Bach's theology)
* “Fjölræði og sjálfstæði” [Pluralism and Independence] in Tímarit lögfræðinga 1995, 1-15 (on the independence of the judiciary).
* “Richard Wagner as a Poet” in Wagner's Ring and Its Icelandic Sources, edited by Úlfar Bragason, Stofnun Sigurðar Nordals, Reykjavík 1995.
* “Túlkun og tjáning” [Interpretation and Expression] in Leikhúsmál 1996 (on dramatic acting).
* “Sannleikur” [Truth] in Er vit í vísindum?, Reykjavík 1996.
* “Kan DNA-koden och binas dans betraktas som språk?” (Can the DNA-code and the Dance of Bees be regarded as languages?) in Medicinsk vetenskap vid Karolinska Institutet No. 4 1997.
* “Introduction” to Njál's Saga, Wordsworth Classics of World Literarture, 1998.
* “Inngangur” [Introduction] to Ludwig Wittgenstein's Bláa bókin [The Blue Book], Reykjavík 1998.
* “Er eignarréttur náttúrlegur?” in Afmælisrit: Þór Vilhjálmsson sjötugur, Orator, Reykjavík 2000.
* “Inngangur” [Introduction] to René Descartes: Hugleiðingar um frumspeki [Meditations], Reykjavík 2001.
* “Refir, broddgeltir, dýrlingur og snákur“ [on G.E.M. Anscombe and W.V.O. Quine] in Hugur, Reykjavík 2002.

==期刊與選集的主要詩歌==
* ''“Glerhús við skál”'' [Clerihews Above a Glass], Morgunblaðið 1985.
* ''“Ólafur Jónsson”'', Lesbók Morgunblaðsins 1989.
* ''“Hamingjan um nótt”'' [Happiness at Night], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1990 and Spegill, spegill, Reykjavik 1991 (an anthology of literature for secondary schools).
* ''“Vilmundur Gylfason”'', Tímarit Máls og menningar 1990.
* ''“Ættjarðarkvæði”'' [A Patriotic Song], Morgunblaðið 1991.
* ''“Töfraflautan”'' [The Magic Flute], Leikskrá Íslensku óperunnar 1991 and Morgunblaðið 1991.
* ''“Sónhenda með ensku sniði”'' [A Sonnet in the English Manner], Vörður 1993.
* ''“Skírnarsálmur Alexöndru”'' [Alexandra's Baptismal Hymn], Lesbók Morgunblaðsins 1995.
* ''“Draugar í bænum á miðvikudagsmorgni”'' [Ghosts in Town on a Wednesday Morning],
* ''"Gegnum jarðgöng tímans"'' [Through The Tunnel of Time], Reykjavík 1998.

==外部連結==
*[https://heimspeki.hi.is/?page_id=175Þorsteinn heimspeki-Þorsteinn Gylfason]
*[https://www.mbl.is/greinasafn/grein/1034699/  mbl.is/Árvakur hf-ÞORSTEINN GYLFASON]
*[https://english.hi.is/  The University Iceland-Þorsteinn Gylfason]
*[https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1106231._orsteinn_Gylfason goodreads-Þorsteinn Gylfason]

[[Category:冰島人]]