熏倒牛檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
熏倒牛 |
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中文名:熏倒牛 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:牻牛兒苗目 科:牻牛兒苗科 屬:熏倒牛屬 |
熏倒牛(xūn dǎo niú),學名: Biebersteinia heterostemon Maxim.,俗名:臭婆娘,根據《中國藏藥》記載,熏倒牛全草主治熱性病,感冒發燒,小兒高燒驚厥,抽搐。果實(狼尾巴蒿):辛,涼。清熱鎮痙,祛風解毒。用於預防感冒,小兒高熱驚厥,腹脹,腹痛。 [1]
熏倒牛形態特徵
熏倒牛是一年生草本,高30-90厘米,具濃烈腥臭味,全株被深褐色腺毛和白色糙毛。根為直根,粗壯,少分枝。莖單一,直立,上部分枝。葉為三回羽狀全裂,末回裂片長約1厘米,狹條形或齒狀;
基生葉和莖下部葉具長柄,柄長為葉片的1.5-2倍,上部葉柄漸短或無柄;托葉半卵形,長約1厘米,與葉柄合生,先端撕裂。花序為圓錐聚傘花序,長於葉,由3花構成的多數聚傘花序組成;
苞片披針形,長2-3毫米,每花具1枚鑽狀小苞片;花梗長為苞片5-6倍;萼片寬卵形,長6-7毫米,先端急尖;花瓣黃色,倒卵形,稍短於萼片,邊緣具波狀淺裂。
蒴果腎形,不開裂,無喙。種子腎形,長約1.5毫米,寬約1毫米,具皺紋。花期7-8月,果期8-9月。
Rhizome ca. 1 cm thick, upper part sparsely covered with withered remains of petioles. Stem erect, 0.4-1.2 m (to more than 2 m), moderately leafy, few branched. Stipules brown, semiovate, to 1 cm, margin mostly erose-laciniate, apex obtuse; leaf blade lanceolate, to 25 × 6-8 cm, 3-subpinnatisect, bearing long simple hairs and small stipitate glands; segments ± linear, to 1 cm, apex subacute.
Inflorescences long, many flowered; bracts leaflike, lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, covered with simple hairs, rarely glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate; bracteoles lanceolate, 2-4 mm, margin slightly hairy or glabrous, apex acuminate.
Flowers often in fascicles of 2 or 3; pedicel 1-4 cm, 1-5 × as long as sepals, sparsely hairy or glandular. Sepals broadly ovate, ca. 7 × 5 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse to acute; outer sepals stipitate glandular and hairy toward base, inner ones subglabrous.
Petals yellow, obovate, somewhat shorter than se-pals, apex denticulate-undulate. Filaments hairy at base, in an annulus with 5 ovate lobes. Mericarps ca. 2.5 mm, slightly ru-gose. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 10*.
分類文獻
Biebersteinia heterostemon Maxim. in Mem. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 11: 176. 1880 et in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 27: 439. 1881; 中國高等植物圖鑑2: 533.圖2795. 1972; 秦嶺植物志1 (3): 118. 1981; 四川植物志9: 71. 1989.
熏倒牛生長環境
生長於海拔1 000-3 200米的黃土山坡、河灘地和雜草坡地。
熏倒牛分布範圍
分布於甘肅、寧夏六盤山西坡和中衛、青海東部和南部、四川西北部(諾爾蓋)。模式標本產甘肅中部。
熏倒牛主要價值
【藏藥】芒澗那保:花序和果序主治炭疽,癰疽疔瘡《中國藏藥》。明間那博:全草主治熱性病,感冒發燒,小兒高燒驚厥,抽搐《民族藥志一》。明見賽保:全草治療癰癤,丹毒,喉痛,胃痛,全身水腫和中風。
果實(狼尾巴蒿):辛,涼。清熱鎮痙,祛風解毒。用於預防感冒,小兒高熱驚厥,腹脹,腹痛。