麗江南星檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
麗江南星 |
中文名:麗江南星 拉丁學名:Arisaema lichiangense W. W. Sm. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:單子葉植物綱 Monocotyledoneae 目:天南星目 Arales 科:天南星科 Araceae 族:天南星族 Trib. Areae 屬:天南星屬 Arisaema 組:象頭花組 Sect. Franchetiana |
麗江南星(lì jiāng nán xīng),(學名:Arisaema lichiangense):為單子葉植物綱天南星科天南星屬的植物,為中國的特有植物。分布於中國的雲南、四川等地,生長於海拔2,400米至3,000米的地區,常生于山坡松林或溝谷雜木林下。 [1]
麗江南星形態特徵
塊莖近圓球形,直徑3-4.5厘米,常具直徑1-1.5厘米的小球莖,鬚根多數。鱗葉3,膜質,披針形,漸尖,最內的長7-15厘米,有紫色斑塊。葉1,葉柄長20-37厘米,下部4-5厘米鞘狀;
葉片3全裂,裂片無柄或中裂片具短柄,寬卵形或近菱形,先端短漸尖或驟狹漸尖,基部寬楔形或圓形,全緣,側脈和網脈背面較清晰,集合脈距邊緣3-5毫米,中裂片對稱,長6-15厘米,寬6.5-13厘米;
側裂片較小,基部稍偏斜或極偏斜,長5.5-13厘米,寬4.5-10厘米。
花序柄短於葉柄,長13-23厘米。佛焰苞紫色或紫紅色,具淡綠色縱條紋,長7-10厘米,管部粗短,長2.5厘米,寬1.3-1.5厘米,圓柱形,喉部邊緣1毫米反卷;
檐部卵狀披針形,直立或略下彎,長漸尖,長3.5-4厘米(包括尖頭)。肉穗花序單性,雄花序圓柱形,長9-15毫米,粗2毫米,花密,雄花無柄或上部的具短柄,花葯1-2,藥室球形,頂孔開裂;
雌花序圓錐形,長1.4厘米;基部粗1厘米,花密集,子房綠色,倒圓錐形,柱頭盤狀,無柄。
胚珠3,直立;附屬器長2.5-3厘米,僅及佛焰苞檐部,近直立,上部下傾,基部粗約1毫米,向下漸狹為長2-3毫米的柄,向上稍細,先端粗0.5毫米。花期6-7月。 [2]
分類文獻
Arisaema lichiangense W. W. Sm. in Not, Bot. Gard. , Edinb. 8: 178. 1914; Hand. -Mazt. , Symb. Sin. l: 1364. 1936.
Plants dioecious. Tuber renewed seasonally, brown outside, yellowish white inside, subglobose, 3-4.5 cm in diam., usually with tubercles. Cataphylls 3, brown with purple dots, membranous, inner one 7-15 cm, purplish brown with whitish spots. Leaf solitary; petiole purplish brown with some whitish dots, 20-37 cm, basal 4-5 cm sheathing into pseudostem; leaf blade 3-foliolate; leaflets sessile, sometimes shortly petiolulate, green, broadly ovate or subrhombic, subleathery, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin entire, apex acute or abruptly acuminate; central leaflet 6-15 × 6.5-13 cm; lateral leaflets smaller, 5.5-13 × 4.5-10 cm, base oblique.
Peduncle purplish brown with tiny whitish dots, shorter than petioles, 13-24 cm. Spathe purple or purplish red, with whitish or greenish longitudinal lines, 7-10 cm in total; tube broadly cylindric, ca. 2.5 × 1.3-1.5 cm, throat margins slightly recurved; limb erect or slightly recurved, ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-4 cm, apex long acuminate, with a connective whitish intramarginal line along distal part. Spadix unisexual; female zone subconic, ca. 10 × 6-7 mm; ovary green, obconic; ovules 3, basal, erect; stigma sessile, disciform; male zone cylindric, 9-15 × 2-3 mm; synandria of 1 or 2 stamens; anthers sessile or distal ones subsessile; thecae purple, globose, opening by an apical pore. Appendix whitish purple proximally, dark purple distally, 6-7 cm (including stipe), base swollen, 3-4 mm in diam., attenuate into stipe ca. 10 × 1 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul.
● Pinus forests, deciduous broad-leaved forests in valleys, secondary thickets; 2400-3200 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
麗江南星生長環境
生長於海拔2400-3000米的山坡松林或溝谷雜木林下。[3]
麗江南星分布範圍
麗江南星主要價值
用於治痰濕滯所致的咳嗽痰多稀薄、苔膩胸悶、頑痰咳嗽等症。
麗江南星本種提示
本種與下述的象頭花 A. franchetianum 較近似,但植株各部均較小,葉裂片寬卵形或近菱形,佛焰苞檐部近直立,不下彎成盔狀,附屬器短小,基部粗僅1毫米。[4]
參考來源
- ↑ 麗江南星, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 《中國植物志》 第13(2)卷 (1979) >> 134頁 PDF >> 麗江南星 Arisaema lichiangense
- ↑ 麗江南星 Arisaema lichiangense 麗江南星(lì jiāng nán xīng) PPBCCVHColDuocetCFHeFlorasEOLTPLIPNIBHLPOWOGBIFiDigBioBingBaiduArisaema lichiangense W. W. Sm...
- ↑ 麗江市植物資源_百度文庫 1頁 發布時間: 2013年05月08日 麗江吊燈花、麗江山石榴、麗江紫苑、麗江蟹甲草、麗江一支箭、麗江拉拉藤、 大麗子藤、白花麗紅報春、麗江黃鐘紅、麗江通泉草、麗江鰾冠花、麗江黃岑、麗江南星、 ...