仙人掌属[[植物]]一般具有扁平的[[绿色]]叶状[[茎]]，来完成[[光合作用]]，[[叶]]退化成刺，有两种，一种大刺和另一种小刺毛，[[果实]]为[[浆果]]，可以食用，作为[[水果]]，许多品种的叶状茎也可以作为[[蔬菜]]食用。仙人掌属植物多数生长在[[美洲]]，只有少数品种生长在其他[[热带]]地区。
==主要品種==* ''[[Opuntia abjecta]]''* ''[[Opuntia aciculata]]'' – Chenille prickly pear, old man's whiskers, cowboy's red whiskers* ''[[Opuntia alta]]''* ''[[Opuntia ammophila]]''* ''[[Opuntia anacantha]]''* ''[[Opuntia anahuacensis]]''* ''[[Opuntia arenaria]]'' – dune prickly pear; diploid (2n=22)* ''[[Opuntia articulata]]''* ''[[Opuntia atrispina]]''* ''[[Opuntia auberi]]''* ''[[Opuntia aurantiaca]]''* ''[[Opuntia aurea]]'' hexaploid (2n=66)* ''[[Opuntia aureispina]]''* ''[[Opuntia azurea]]''* ''[[Opuntia basilaris]]'' – beavertail cactus; diploid (2n=22)* ''[[Opuntia bentonii]]''* ''[[Opuntia blakeana]]''* ''[[Opuntia boldinghii]]''* ''[[Opuntia cacanapa]]'' - including Opuntia ellisiana (Ellisiana)* ''[[Opuntia camanchica]]'' - plains prickly pear* ''[[Opuntia canada]]''* ''[[Opuntia cespitosa]]''* ''[[Opuntia charlestonensis]]''* ''[[Opuntia chaffeyi]]''* ''[[Opuntia chlorotica]]'' – pancake prickly pear; native to southwest USA and the [[Sonoran desert|Sonoran]] and [[Mojave desert]]s; diploid (2n=22)* ''[[Opuntia chisosensis]]''* ''[[Opuntia clavata]]''* ''[[Opuntia cochenillifera]]''* ''[[Opuntia comonduensis]]''* ''[[Opuntia columbiana]]''* ''[[Opuntia confusa]]''* ''[[Opuntia covillei]]''* ''[[Opuntia curvospina]]'' tetraploid (2n=44)* ''[[Opuntia cyclodes]]''* ''[[Opuntia cymochila]]'' – grassland prickly pear; One of the most common species found on the Great Plains of the United States* ''[[Opuntia debreczyi]]''* ''[[Opuntia decumana]]''* ''[[Opuntia decumbens]]'' – ''nopal de culebra''* ''[[Opuntia dejecta]]''* ''[[Opuntia dillenii]]''[[File:Opuntia diploursina Lake Mead.jpg|thumb|''[[Opuntia diploursina]]'' near Lake Mead]]* ''[[Opuntia diploursina]]'' – found around Grand Canyon and Lake Mead National Recreation Area; diploid (2n=22); resembles ''O. trichophora''* ''[[Opuntia discata]]''* ''[[Opuntia dulcis]]'' - syn. ''O. phaeacantha major''* ''Opuntia echinocarpa'' - see ''[[Cylindropuntia echinocarpa]]''* ''[[Opuntia echios]]** ''Opuntia echios'' var. ''gigantea'' – Galápagos prickly pear, [[Galápagos Islands]]* ''[[Opuntia elata]]''* ''[[Opuntia elatior]]'' <small>Mill.</small> – syn. ''O. bergeriana''* ''[[Opuntia engelmannii]]'' – Engelmann's prickly pear, cow's-tongue prickly pear, desert prickly pear, discus prickly pear, Texas prickly pear, calico cactus; hexaploid (2n=66)* ''[[Opuntia erinacea]]'' tetraploid (2n=44)* ''[[Opuntia exaltata]]''* ''[[Opuntia excelsa]]''* ''[[Opuntia ficus-barbarica]]''* ''[[Opuntia ficus-indica]]'' – Indian fig opuntia* ''[[Opuntia fragilis]]'' – little prickly pear, brittle cactus, found in the Great Plains and as far west as British Columbia]* ''[[Opuntia galapageia]]''* ''[[Opuntia gosseliniana]]'' – violet prickly pear** ''Opuntia gosseliniana'' var. ''santa-rita'' – Santa Rita prickly pear** ''Opuntia chlorotica'' var. ''gosseliniana''* ''[[Opuntia helleri]]''* ''[[Opuntia hickenii]]''* ''[[Opuntia humifusa]]'' – eastern prickly pear (sometimes included in ''O. compressa'');tetraploid (2n=44)* ''[[Opuntia hyptiacantha]]''* ''[[Opuntia inamoema]]'' <small>K. Schum.</small> – ''[[quipá]]''* ''[[Opuntia insularis]]''* ''[[Opuntia invicta]]'' syn. ''Corynopuntia invicta'', ''Grusonia invicta''* ''[[Opuntia jamaicensis]]''* ''[[Opuntia laevis]]''* ''[[Opuntia lasiacantha]]''* ''[[Opuntia leucotricha]]'' – arborescent prickly pear, Aaron's beard cactus, semaphore cactus, ''Duraznillo blanco'', ''nopal blanco''* ''[[Opuntia lindheimeri]]'' – cowtongue prickly pear* ''[[Opuntia littoralis]]'' – coastal prickly pear, sprawling prickly pear* ''[[Opuntia longispina]]''* ''[[Opuntia macrocentra]]'' – black-spined prickly pear, purple prickly pear, found in southwest USA and northern Mexico* ''[[Opuntia macrorhiza]]'' – Plains prickly pear, found throughout the Great Plains except for the northernmost areas (not found in [[North Dakota]]), and extending sporadically eastward as far as [[Kentucky]], syn. ''O. leptocarpa'' <small>MacKensen</small>, ''O. tenuispina'' <small>Engelm.</small>, ''O. tortispina'' <small>Engelm. & Bigelow</small>; tetraploid (2n=44)* ''[[Opuntia matudae]]'' – ''xoconostle'' (syn. ''Opuntia joconostle'')* ''[[Opuntia maldonandensis]]''* ''[[Opuntia maxima]]''* ''[[Opuntia megacantha]]''* ''[[Opuntia megarrhiza]]''* ''[[Opuntia megasperma]]''* ''[[Opuntia microdasys]]'' – bunny ears cactus, polka-dot cactus* ''[[Opuntia monacantha]]'' – common prickly pear* ''[[Opuntia nichollii]]'' - Distributed throughout much of the Colorado Plateau, from Grand Canyon north to Price, Utah and east to the Colorado border; hexaploid (2n=66)* ''[[Opuntia oricola]]''* ''[[Opuntia ovata]]''* ''[[Opuntia pachyrrhiza]]''* ''[[Opuntia pailana]]''* ''[[Opuntia paraguayensis]]''* ''[[Opuntia phaeacantha]]'' – tulip prickly pear, includes plateau prickly pear, brown-spined prickly pear, Mojave prickly pear, Kingman prickly pear; hexaploid (2n=66)* ''[[Opuntia picardoi]]''* ''[[Opuntia pinkavae]]'' – Pinkava's prickly pear; octoploid (2n=88)* ''[[Opuntia polyacantha]]'' – Panhandle prickly pear, found in the Great Plains, [[Great Basin]], Mojave Desert, [[Colorado Plateau]], and the [[Rocky Mountains]], syn. ''O. rhodantha'' <small>K.Schum.</small>; tetraploid (2n=44)** ''Opuntia polyacantha'' var. ''arenaria'' (syn. ''O. erinacea'')* ''[[Opuntia pubescens]]'' (syn. ''O. pascoensis'' <small>Britton & Rose</small>)* ''[[Opuntia pusilla]]'' – creeping cactus, syn. ''O. drummondii'' <small>Graham</small>* ''[[Opuntia quitensis]]'' – Red Buttons opuntia (syn. ''O. macbridei'', ''O. johnsonii'', ''Platyopuntia quitensis)* ''[[Opuntia rastrera]]''* ''[[Opuntia repens]]''<!-- * ''[[Opuntia retrosa]]'' syn. for O. anacantha per http://www.f-lohmueller.de/botany/gen/o/Opuntia.htm -->* ''[[Opuntia robusta]]''* ''[[Opuntia rufida]]'' (sometimes included in ''O. microdasys'')* ''[[Opuntia saxicola]]''* ''[[Opuntia schumannii]]''* ''[[Opuntia soehrensii]]''* ''[[Opuntia stenopetala]]'' (syn. ''O. riviereana'' <small>Backeb.</small>)* ''[[Opuntia streptacantha]]''* ''[[Opuntia stricta]]'' – erect prickly pear, spineless prickly pear* ''[[Opuntia sulphurea]]''* ''[[Opuntia taylori]]''* ''[[Opuntia tehuantepecana]]'' – ''nopal de caballo''* ''[[Opuntia tomentosa]]'' – woollyjoint prickly pear* ''[[Opuntia triacantha]]''* ''[[Opuntia trichophora]]'' diploid (2n=22)* ''[[Opuntia tuna]]''* ''[[Opuntia velutina]]''* ''[[Opuntia violacea]]''
==参考文献==
* {{aut|Behan, Jeff}} (1995): The bug that changed history. ''Boatman's Quarterly Rreview'' '''8'''(2). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060621103349/http://gcrg.org/bqr/8-2/bug.htm HTML fulltext]