'''索兰'''索兰Sauran.索兰（十二至[[十八世纪]]），首先提到Sauran的定居时期是X世纪。然而，在蒙古前时期的定居点的位置是指距离Sauran晚3公里的Karatobe定居点。在[[十四世纪]]，这座城市是Ak-Orda州的首府。在任何时候，索兰都以其强大的防御工事和十六至十七世纪的伊斯兰教学校（15米高的尖塔）而闻名。Sauran定居点的一个特点是灌溉渠道系统（kyariz）在定居点附近领土的[[航空]]照片上清晰可见。
Sauran(XII-XVIII centuries)
©The National Commission of Republic of Kazakhstan for UNESCO/Sauran
First reference to the settlement of Sauran dates by the X century.However,the location of the settlement in pre-Mongol period refers to the settlement of Karatobe situated in 3 km from late Sauran.In XIV century the city was the capital of the state of Ak-Orda.At all times Sauran was known for its strong fortifications and a madrasah of XVI-XVII centuries with minarets of 15 meters in height.One of particular characteristics of the settlement of Sauran is the system of irrigation channels(kyariz)that became clearly visible on the aerial photos of the territory near the settlement.
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