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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"! <p style="background: #8DB3D3; color: #000000; margin:auto; padding:5px 0; "> '''人类激情之庙''' （{{lang</p>|-en|Temple <center><img src="https://d3w13n53foase7.cloudfront.net/medium_Temple_of_Human_Passions_Wikimedia_Stephane_Mignon_837446755e.jpg" width="280"></center><small>[https://www.livetheworld.com/activities/belgium/temple-of-human-passions 圖片來自livetheworld]</small> |} '''人类激情之庙'''（英語：Temple of Human Passions}},{{lang-fr|Temple ，法語：Temple des passions humaines}}, {{lang-nl|Tempel ，荷蘭語：Tempel van de menselijke driften}}), 亦称Pavillon Horta-Lambeaux, 是一座[[新艺术运动]]风格的[[洋亭]]，采用了[[希腊神庙]]（Greek temple）造型，由[[维克多·奥塔]]于1896年建于[[布鲁塞尔]][[五十周年纪念公园]]内。尽管表面上是古典式的，但该建筑仍是年轻的维克多·奥塔迈向[[新艺术运动]]的第一步。   它原本被设计为一个由[[Jef Lambeaux]]创作的巨大的大理石[[浮雕]]《人类激情》（"Human Passions"）的展橱。但在完工之后，该建筑几乎一直处于永久性关闭状态，直到2014年才開始在夏季開放。<ref> Duplat, Guy (31 July 2015).[http://www.lalibre.be/culture/arts/les-passions-scandaleuses-dans-le-marbre-55bb94263570b546530ae4a3 "Les passions "scandaleuses" dans le marbre" ["Scandalous" passions in marble] www.lalibre.be. Retrieved 2015-08-01.</ref>

这座具有古典风格外貌的小庙已经宣告了伴随这位建筑师的[[新艺术运动|新艺术]]风格。尽管忠实于古典主义建筑的正式建筑语汇，但是奥塔已经勉力使该建筑包含新艺术风格的所有元素。初看时，该建筑恰似一座古典神庙。然而，该建筑内一条直线也没有。<ref name="FlandTod"/>   每个古典主义的细部都被重新审视并重新诠释。奥塔在对古典神庙几乎是“有机的”诠释上取得了成功，并未完全抛弃对历史风格的参考和运用。<ref name="mrah">{{cite web|url=http://www.mrah.be/newfr/index.asp?id=750|title=Pavillon Horta-Lambeaux|last=Musées Royaux d'art et d'histoire|authorlink=Royal Museums of Art and History|language=fr|accessdate=2009-01-17|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906102652/http://www.mrah.be/newfr/index.asp?id=750|archivedate=2007-09-06}}</ref>墙壁稍稍弯曲一如树木的最下部，看似有机地生发出来。

1967年，[[比利时国王]][[博杜安一世]]将这座建筑赠与正对比利时进行正式访问的[[沙特阿拉伯国王]][[费萨尔·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·沙特|费萨尔]]。与该建筑同时被赠与的还有1880年国家展览会的东亭，即后来的[[布鲁塞尔大清真寺]]。[[沙特阿拉伯]]政府最终将人类激情之庙又送还了比利时政府。{{Fact|date=January 2009}} 除了偶尔有的开放日外，这座庙宇仍然不对公众开放 。<ref name="Bul"/><ref name="FlandTod">{{cite journal|last=Philips|first=Mon Philips|date=2008-06-18|title=The secrets of Jubelpark|journal=Flanders Today|publisher=Vlaamse Uitgeversmaatschappij|location=Groot-Bijgaarden|issue=34|pages=4|quote=''Before the government finally took over the building, it was owned by [[沙特阿拉伯|Saudi Arabia]] (a gift from [[博杜安一世|King Baudouin]]).''|url=http://www.flanderstoday.eu/jahia/webdav/site/flanderstoday/shared/magazine/FT_2008_25.pdf|accessdate=2009-01-18}}{{dead link|date=2017年11月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>2002 。2002 年起，除了周一外，该庙每天开放一小时。<ref name="asbl" />   最近这些年，这种不对外开放的举措倒并非因为公众对性的大惊小怪，而是因为害怕浮雕受到破坏。<ref name="Bul">{{cite journal|last=Blyth |first=Derek |date=2004-05-06|title='Scandalous' sculpture on show at last |journal=[[The Bulletin (Brussels weekly)]]|location=Brussels|quote=}}</ref>.

奥塔设计的亭子内安置着雕塑家[[Jef Lambeaux]]（1852-1908）无与伦比的成就：浮雕《人类激情》。这 座{{convert|12|x|8|m|ft}} 座12乘8公尺（39乘26英尺） 的作品围绕着受死亡支配的人类的幸福与罪恶。<ref name="mrah"/> 它还展示了人类“被动的”激情，比如战争、强奸和自杀。

这座浮雕自1886年该方案发布以来便饱受争议。尽管起初艺术评论家们十分热情，但他们对该作品缺乏凝聚力感到尤为遗憾。<ref name="mrah"/> 比利时政府不顾争议，于1890年购得该作品以安放于[[五十周年纪念公园]] 。<ref name="mrah"/>Werner 。Werner Adriaenssens也倾向于否认该作品神化般的地位。<ref name="FlandTod" />: {{cquote|Sure it’s large, as Lambeaux intended, but hardly a masterpiece. The relief consists of separate groups rather than forming a whole. Unfortunately Lambeaux never explained his intentions. Even the title isn’t his.}}

1899年10月1日， <ref name="mrah" /> 奥塔的庙宇正式落成，该作品也向公众展示。Lambeaux展示男性和女性裸体的直白方式受到报刊的强烈抨击。该雕塑展示了肉体愉悦的各种方式的毫无拘束的众多裸体，报刊称其为丑闻。裸露并非唯一的问题：被钉十字架的基督位于死神的下方，这激怒了保守的比利时人。<ref>{{cite book | last = Tumanov | first = Alexander | title = The Life and Artistry of Maria Olenina-D'alheim | publisher = University of Alberta Press | location = Edmonton | year = 2000 | isbn = 0888643284|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FFjVL9qVy2wC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77 |page=77|quote= ''(...) There we had got to know (...) Joseph Lambeaux, a sculptor who was famous at the time. (...) When Joseph Lambeaux had completed his enormous work in high relief entitled "Passions Humaines" [[利奥波德二世|King Léopold]] wanted to see it and came to Lambeaux's studio. Observing that the crucified Christ was placed lower than Death, which reigned over everyone, he asked the sculptor to make the necessary adjustment and place Christ above Death. But Joseph said modestly,"Your Highness, that is how I see and feel it. I cannot alter it." Nor did he. He was something of an excentric. (...)'' }} </ref> 这座开放式的建筑在落成典礼举行仅三天后便被木隔板挡住，从而远离了公众的视线。

该建筑自建成后有一个世纪多无人看管，急需修缮。2008年，比利时政府通过在''[[Moniteur Belge]]''上发布两个政府采购信息，正式启动了翻新工程的外包。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_bul/bul_a_1.pl?DETAIL=DETAIL&caller=list&row_id=1&numero=11&rech=14&numac=2008010904&pd=2008-07-23&lg=F&pdf_file=%2Fhome%2Fmon1%2Fbul%2Fimage%2F2008%2F0723_1.pdf&trier=+order+by+numac+desc%2C+pd%3B&pdda=2008&language=fr&choix1=ET&choix2=ET&pdfa=2009&pddj=01&fromtab=BUL&pddm=01&pdfj=31&sql=objet+contains++%27horta%27+and+pd+between+date%272008-01-01%27+and+date%272009-12-31%27++and+bron+contains+%27J%27&pdfm=12&bron=J&objet=horta|title=Parc du Cinquantenaire&nbsp;— Pavillon Horta&nbsp;— restauration des décors en plaques de marbre jaune&nbsp;— Marché de travaux&nbsp;— Appel à candidature (TIW/IX.8.8.)|last=SPF Mobilité et Transports|date=2008-07-23|language=fr|accessdate=2009-01-17}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_bul/bul_a_1.pl?DETAIL=DETAIL&caller=list&row_id=1&numero=9&rech=14&numac=2008012490&pd=2008-08-25&lg=F&pdf_file=%2Fhome%2Fmon1%2Fbul%2Fimage%2F2008%2F0825_1.pdf&trier=+order+by+numac+desc%2C+pd%3B&pdda=2008&language=fr&choix1=ET&choix2=ET&pdfa=2009&pddj=01&fromtab=BUL&pddm=01&pdfj=31&sql=objet+contains++%27horta%27+and+pd+between+date%272008-01-01%27+and+date%272009-12-31%27++and+bron+contains+%27J%27&pdfm=12&bron=J&objet=horta|title=Parc du Cinquantenaire&nbsp;— Pavillon Horta&nbsp;— restauration du bâtiment&nbsp;— Marché de travaux&nbsp;— Adjudication publique (TIW/IX.8.9.)|last=SPF Mobilité et Transports|date=2008-08-25|language=fr|accessdate=2009-01-17}}</ref> 对《人类激情》浮雕的翻新也会展开。<ref name="asbl">{{cite web|url=http://amusez-lambeaux.blogspot.com/2008_09_01_archive.html|title=Passions Humaines.Le mot de Werner Adriaenssens. |last=Leclercq |first=Philippe |date=2008-10-20|publisher=asbl Musée Jef Lambeaux|language=fr|accessdate=2009-01-21}}</ref>== 参考文献 ==* 1911|article=Jef Lambeaux|url=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/KRO_LAP/LAMBEAUX_JEF_JOSEPH_MARIE_THOMA.html* {{cite journal|last=de Callataÿ|first=François|authorlink=|date=1989|title=Les "Passions Humaines" de Jef Lambeaux: un essai d'interprétation|journal=Bulletins des Musées Royaux d'Arts et d'Histoire |publisher=Musées Royaux d'Arts et d'Histoire|location=Brussels|volume=60|pages=269-289|language=fr}}* {{cite book|last=Celis|first=Marcel M. |title=Bruxelles protégé|publisher=Editions Mardaga|location=Liège|date=1988|isbn=2870093357|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MQXp1D9LevAC&pg=PA41|language=fr|page=41}}* {{cite journal|last=Aubry |first=Françoise |first2=Barbara|last2= Harshav|date=2002|title=Victor Horta: Vicissitudes of a Work|journal=Yale French Studies|location=New Haven|volume=102|pages=176-189 }}* {{cite web|url=http://www.mrah.be/newfr/index.asp?id=750|title=Pavillon Horta-Lambeaux|last=Musées Royaux d'art et d'histoire|authorlink=Royal Museums of Art and History|language=fr|accessdate=2009-01-17|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906102652/http://www.mrah.be/newfr/index.asp?id=750|archivedate=2007-09-06}}* {{cite web|url=http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_bul/bul_a_1.pl?DETAIL=DETAIL&caller=list&row_id=1&numero=11&rech=14&numac=2008010904&pd=2008-07-23&lg=F&pdf_file=%2Fhome%2Fmon1%2Fbul%2Fimage%2F2008%2F0723_1.pdf&trier=+order+by+numac+desc%2C+pd%3B&pdda=2008&language=fr&choix1=ET&choix2=ET&pdfa=2009&pddj=01&fromtab=BUL&pddm=01&pdfj=31&sql=objet+contains++%27horta%27+and+pd+between+date%272008-01-01%27+and+date%272009-12-31%27++and+bron+contains+%27J%27&pdfm=12&bron=J&objet=horta|title=Parc du Cinquantenaire&nbsp;— Pavillon Horta&nbsp;— restauration des décors en plaques de marbre jaune&nbsp;— Marché de travaux&nbsp;— Appel à candidature (TIW/IX.8.8.)|last=SPF Mobilité et Transports|date=2008-07-23|language=fr|accessdate=2009-01-17}}* {{cite web|url=http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_bul/bul_a_1.pl?DETAIL=DETAIL&caller=list&row_id=1&numero=9&rech=14&numac=2008012490&pd=2008-08-25&lg=F&pdf_file=%2Fhome%2Fmon1%2Fbul%2Fimage%2F2008%2F0825_1.pdf&trier=+order+by+numac+desc%2C+pd%3B&pdda=2008&language=fr&choix1=ET&choix2=ET&pdfa=2009&pddj=01&fromtab=BUL&pddm=01&pdfj=31&sql=objet+contains++%27horta%27+and+pd+between+date%272008-01-01%27+and+date%272009-12-31%27++and+bron+contains+%27J%27&pdfm=12&bron=J&objet=horta|title=Parc du Cinquantenaire&nbsp;— Pavillon Horta&nbsp;— restauration du bâtiment&nbsp;— Marché de travaux&nbsp;— Adjudication publique (TIW/IX.8.9.)|last=SPF Mobilité et Transports|date=2008-08-25|language=fr|accessdate=2009-01-17}}* {{cite journal|last=Blyth |first=Derek |date=2004-05-06|title='Scandalous' sculpture on show at last |journal=[[The Bulletin (Brussels weekly)]]|location=Brussels|quote=''A 'shocking' sculpture which has been kept behind locked doors for more than a century is finally on view in the Parc du Cinquantenaire. Jef Lambeaux's marble relief of Les Passions Humaines&nbsp;— carved in 1899 for a neo-classical temple built by the young Victor Horta&nbsp;— outraged conservative Belgium when it was unveiled and the building was closed to the public after just two days.''}}* {{cite web|url=http://www.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be/index.aspx?p=object&query=identifier=1905-G|title=Copy in gypse of Jef Lambeaux's ''Human passions'' ({{lang-nl|De menselijke driften}})|last=Vlaamse Kunstcollectie|work=Photography|publisher=Museum of Fine Arts Ghent|language=nl|accessdate=2009-01-18}} == 相关条目 ==* [[维克多·奥塔]]* [[Jef Lambeaux]]* [[五十周年纪念公园]]

== 外部链接 參考文獻 ==* http{{reflist}}[[Category://www.mrah.be/740 歐洲史地總論]]