求真百科歡迎當事人提供第一手真實資料,洗刷冤屈,終結網路霸凌。

變更

前往: 導覽搜尋

四膜虫属

增加 7,790 位元組, 2 年前
创建页面,内容为“{| class="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E5%9B%9B%E8%86%9C%E8%99%AB%E5%B1%9E&step_word=&hs=0&pn=11&spn=0&di=7146857200156147713&p…”
{| class="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E5%9B%9B%E8%86%9C%E8%99%AB%E5%B1%9E&step_word=&hs=0&pn=11&spn=0&di=7146857200156147713&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=546094752%2C237624529&os=536850613%2C3797250137&simid=546094752%2C237624529&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=167&fr=&fmq=1667009077368_R&fm=index&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=15&oriquery=&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fgimg0.baidu.com%2Fgimg%2Fsrc%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fbkimg.cdn.bcebos.com%252Fpic%252F4610b912c8fcc3cec147452f9d45d688d43f2022%26refer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%26app%3D0%26size%3Df800%2C1000%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26q%3D100%3Fsec%3D0%26t%3D1d1055a8ddb16a51f6746beff8177507%26refer%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fgimg0.baidu.com%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Dauto%3Fsec%3D1669601173%26t%3D128636ced6ba6f25ec7474d15cab1ecf&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fiw5hwg_z%26e3Biw58dn_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3Fe%3Fet1%3D8bdad0mn8cla08a9b9ma%26pwk%3Dy7sj&gsm=1e0000000000001e&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&nojc=undefined" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"
|<center>'''四膜虫属'''<br><img
src="https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fgimg0.baidu.com%2Fgimg%2Fsrc%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fbkimg.cdn.bcebos.com%252Fpic%252F4610b912c8fcc3cec147452f9d45d688d43f2022%26refer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%26app%3D0%26size%3Df800%2C1000%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26q%3D100%3Fsec%3D0%26t%3D1d1055a8ddb16a51f6746beff8177507&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fgimg0.baidu.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=auto?sec=1669601173&t=128636ced6ba6f25ec7474d15cab1ecf " width="280"></center><small> 圖片來自百度</small>
|}
四膜科下的一属,'''四膜虫'''(Tetrahymena)是原生动物门、[[纤毛亚门]]、寡膜纲、[[膜口目]]、四膜科的1属。通称四膜虫。也是一种单细胞真核生物,分布在全球的淡水水域中,属于原生生物门(Protista)[[纤毛虫纲]](Ciliophora),与一般人所熟知的[[草履虫]](Paramecium)在型态生理上十分相似。

*别 名:[[四膜虫]]

*中文学名:四膜虫属

*界:[[动物界]]

*门:原生动物门
{| class="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E5%9B%9B%E8%86%9C%E8%99%AB%E5%B1%9E&step_word=&hs=0&pn=5&spn=0&di=7146857200093233153&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=324454817%2C426231899&os=671653593%2C2355825498&simid=3335427816%2C302945180&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=167&fr=&fmq=1667009077368_R&fm=index&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fp6.qhimg.com%2Fdmsmty%2F350_200_%2Ft017924dbd587237f69.png%26refer%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fp6.qhimg.com%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Dauto%3Fsec%3D1669601274%26t%3Dfa133e5aaf42315e9bcb67e595a2c899&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3F4_z%26e3Bkwthj_z%26e3Bf5_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3F15vAzdH3Fmn8labn_z%26e3Bip4s&gsm=1e0000000000001e&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&nojc=undefined" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"
|<center>'''四膜虫属'''<br><img
src="https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fp6.qhimg.com%2Fdmsmty%2F350_200_%2Ft017924dbd587237f69.png&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fp6.qhimg.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=auto?sec=1669601274&t=fa133e5aaf42315e9bcb67e595a2c899 " width="280"></center><small> 圖片來自百度</small>
|}
*亚 门:纤毛亚门

*纲:寡膜纲

*目:膜口目
{| class="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=0&ipn=d&word=%E5%9B%9B%E8%86%9C%E8%99%AB%E5%B1%9E&step_word=&hs=0&pn=3&spn=0&di=7146857200093233153&pi=0&rn=1&tn=baiduimagedetail&is=0%2C0&istype=2&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&cs=932073693%2C2979556602&os=502707547%2C74033817&simid=3522371210%2C320579750&adpicid=0&lpn=0&ln=167&fr=&fmq=1667009077368_R&fm=index&ic=0&s=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&ist=&jit=&cg=&bdtype=0&oriquery=&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fa1.att.hudong.com%2F63%2F11%2F01000000000000119081105340563.jpg%26refer%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fa1.att.hudong.com%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Dauto%3Fsec%3D1669601382%26t%3Dc925c1dd34c6582c1ec9722d5c1874cb&fromurl=ippr_z2C%24qAzdH3FAzdH3Fooo_z%26e3Bkwthj_z%26e3Bv54AzdH3F2othtAzdH3F%25CB%25C9%25C9%25A9%25Bn%25Em%25CA%25F9&gsm=1e0000000000001e&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&islist=&querylist=&nojc=undefined" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 20px; text-align:left"
|<center>'''四膜虫属'''<br><img
src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=3732509322,2427960781&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=138&f=JPEG?w=400&h=203 " width="280"></center><small> 圖片來自百度</small>
|}
*科:四膜科

*学 科:[[生命科学]]

==简介==
四膜虫(Tetrahymena)与人们熟悉的草履虫一样,都是单细胞的原生动物,属纤毛虫纲,一般长50μm,宽30μm。细胞前端略细,后端变宽呈梨形,表面有15-25条毛带。口位于细胞的前端,内有三个小膜,口的边缘有一个波动膜,故称四膜虫 <ref>[[潘惟钧,樊启昶.四膜虫-分子生物学研究的理想材料(J).生物学通报,1990,(第2期).]]</ref> 。
==种属分布==
已知有10余种,四膜虫为世界性分布,主要产自淡水,也有的生活于咸水或温泉中。研究最多的是[[梨形四膜虫]]。现知梨形四膜虫是1复合种,其中除1个无小核种保留梨形四膜虫原种名外,其余3个无小核种和14个有小核种都给以新种名,如亚洲四膜虫,采自中国和泰国;嗜热四膜虫,采自美国。

==形态特征==
体长40~60微米,成倒卵形或梨形。口位于腹面前方正中,右缘有1个波动膜,左侧有3个围口小膜。体表被以纵纤毛带,口后纤毛带一般为2条。胞肛和2个伸缩泡孔均位于细胞后端。大核1个多倍性(45C),是营养核,基因有表达功能。小核1个或无,二倍性、含5对染色体,基因不表达 。

==繁殖==
[[无性生殖]]为[[横分裂]]。[[有性生殖]]为[[接合生殖]],细胞两两配对,大核退化,小核[[减数分裂]]形成配子核,互换后,两细胞各生成1合子核,合子核分裂分化产生新的大小核,两细胞分开、分裂。无小核种不能接合。有小核种都各含2个以上的交配型。只有同种内不同交配型细胞才能接合。

==价值==
由于四膜虫能在无菌的液体培养基中生长繁殖,长期以来用它为材料做了大量营养生长和[[药物学]]方面的研究。20世纪70年代来,四膜虫的[[遗传学]]和[[分子生物学]]研究进展迅速,发现在四膜虫接合后的大核发育过程中,部分DNA([[脱氧核糖核酸]])序列被删除,以及rDNA(核糖体DNA)分子由小核中的单拷贝变为大核中多拷贝的回文结构[[二联体分子]]等现象。用[[外科手术]]已经成功地将tDNA分子从一个细胞移入另一细胞。四膜虫是真核细胞基因工程研究的理想材料之一 <ref>[[丁明孝,苏都莫日根,王喜忠,邹方东主编;苏都莫日根,王喜忠,邹方东等编者,细胞生物学实验指南 第2版,高等教育出版社,2009.]]</ref> 。

'''视频'''

'''简单学习2019高考生物二轮总复习网络课程欣赏'''

{{#iDisplay:u0837gt3lw2 | 560 | 390 | qq }}
==参考文献==
{{Reflist}}
13,329
次編輯