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喬治·丘奇
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1977年,喬治丘奇前往哈佛大學[[沃特·吉爾伯特]]的實驗室,繼續研究生涯,並取得生化與[[分子生物学|分子生物學]]的博士學位,研究目標是[[酵母菌]][[線粒體|粒線體]]的[[内含子|內含子]]和老鼠[[免疫球蛋白]]基因上的[[可动遗传因子|可動遺傳因子]](1984)。
1984年,在完成他的博士學位後,喬治丘奇在位於美國[[麻塞諸塞州]]的[[生物科技]]公司[[Biogen Idec|Biogen]]待了半年。[[Biogen Idec|Biogen]]是哈佛大學[[沃特·吉爾伯特]]在業界成立的生技公司。 很快地,這樣的模式便被在[[生命科學研究基金會]]從事博士後研究,[[三籓市]][[加州大學]]的{{Link-en|蓋爾馬丁|Gail R. Martin}}複製。<ref>LSRF, 2015, "Resources, 1983 Fellow George Church," see [http://www.lsrf.org/resources/resources-detail-view/1983-fellow-george-church] , accessed 26 February 2015.</ref><ref>LSRF, 2015, "Fellows:Alumni, George Church (1984)," see [http://www.lsrf.org/fellows/alumni] , accessed 26 February 2015.</ref> {{Link-en|蓋爾馬丁|Gail R. Martin}}也同時是國家科學院的成員,發現萃取出老鼠幹細胞的方法。<ref>Elie Dolgin, 2009, "Stem cell rat race," in ''The Scientist '' (magazine), April 1, 2009, see [http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/27244/title/Stem-cell-rat-race/] , accessed 26 February 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Martin G | title = Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | volume = 78 | issue = 12 | pages = 7634–8 |date=December 1981 | pmid = 6950406 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7634 | pmc = 349323|bibcode = 1981PNAS...78.7634M }}</ref>